Picanço João Marcelo Astolfi, Limberger Renata Pereira, Apel Miriam Anders
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), BrazilAv. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, 90160-093, Brazil.
Toxicol Res (Camb). 2022 Nov 10;11(6):987-1002. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfac074. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Indonesian clove cigarettes-called "" due to the crackling sound that can be heard when the product burns-are tobacco products containing clove and the "", a mixture of essential oils and plant extracts whose ingredients are mostly kept in secret. It is important to determine which ingredients those are to properly assess the effects that clove cigarettes can cause. An organoleptic, qualitative and quantitative analysis was made in 9 different brands of clove cigarettes obtained in Brazil. Nicotine, eugenol, menthol, and β-caryophyllene were quantified through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The samples presented 20 different compounds, and all samples had a different combination of the compounds. Nicotine concentrations were generally higher than eugenol, and lower than nicotine concentration in a conventional cigarette. One sample had menthol even though the cigarette pack did not inform that it was a menthol product. There were traces of 2 unusual substances. Clindamycin is an antibiotic that can be used to treat bacterial infections in respiratory airways, and octodrine is an amphetaminic stimulant used in nutritional supplements, considered as a substance of doping by the World Anti-Doping Association. The presence of both substances was not tested using certified reference materials, but its possible presence raises concern about the compounds in cigarettes. There should be more studies about the contents of clove cigarettes, to improve antitobacco legislations and regulations. This way it would be possible to properly inform the risks of smoking clove cigarettes and to diminish the number of tobacco users throughout the world.
印度尼西亚丁香卷烟——因其燃烧时能听到噼啪声而被称为“kretek”——是含有丁香和“kretek混合物”的烟草制品，“kretek混合物”是一种精油和植物提取物的混合物，其成分大多保密。确定这些成分是什么对于正确评估丁香卷烟可能产生的影响很重要。对在巴西获得的9个不同品牌的丁香卷烟进行了感官、定性和定量分析。通过气相色谱-质谱联用对尼古丁、丁香酚、薄荷醇和β-石竹烯进行了定量分析。这些样品呈现出20种不同的化合物，并且所有样品的化合物组合都不同。尼古丁浓度通常高于丁香酚，且低于传统卷烟中的尼古丁浓度。有一个样品含有薄荷醇，尽管烟盒上并未标明它是薄荷醇产品。有2种不寻常物质的痕迹。克林霉素是一种可用于治疗呼吸道细菌感染的抗生素，而奥克立定是一种用于营养补充剂中的苯丙胺类兴奋剂，被世界反兴奋剂机构视为一种兴奋剂物质。这两种物质的存在未使用认证参考材料进行检测，但其可能存在引发了对卷烟中化合物的担忧。应该对丁香卷烟的成分进行更多研究，以完善控烟法律法规。这样就有可能正确告知吸食丁香卷烟的风险，并减少全世界烟草使用者的数量。
