Tabassum Afsheen, Madi Marwa, Alabdulaziz Ahmed, Al Nasrallah Yousif, Alabdulaziz Mohammed, Ahmad Siddique Intisar, Kazmi Farhat
Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia.
Lecturer, Lecturer-Research & Biostatistics, Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Dent J. 2022 Dec;34(8):788-794. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.11.006. Epub 2022 Nov 11.
The contemporary information on the prevalence of periodontitis and associated risk factors is deficient in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our aim was to measure the prevalence of periodontitis and associated risk factors among the Saudi population in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia who visited the University Dental Hospital.
In this retrospective study, the demographic data and medical and dental records of 700 subjects were examined. Bitewing radiographs were analyzed to measure the alveolar bone loss in posterior teeth by measuring the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the crest of the alveolar bone. A chi-square test was performed to compare the severity of periodontitis. A comparison of multivariate mean bone loss was performed using a -test. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of periodontitis. A P-value equal to or under 0.05 reflected statistical significance.
Among 700 cases, the patients' mean age was 35.6 ± 12.1; 52.6 % were male and 47.4 % were female. Overall periodontitis prevalence was 52.1 %. The distribution of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis prevalence was 36.1 %, 14.1 %, and 1.8 %, respectively. The severity of periodontitis was statistically similar between males and females (p = 0.148); however, significantly more Saudi than non-Saudi patients had moderate periodontitis. Higher proportions of severe periodontitis were seen in the age group of over 50-years-old (p < 0.001) and in patients with poor oral hygiene (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.005), and hypertension (p < 0.002). Six total predictors of periodontitis were depicted, i.e., age > 50 years (OR = 3.73), poor OH status (OR = 2.24), BOP (OR = 3.35), presence of plaque (OR = 2.61), diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.19), and hypertension (OR = 3.62).
The primary factors associated with the prevalence of periodontitis were age, nationality, diabetes, hypertension, BOP, plaque, and OH status. However, no association was observed between gender or cardiovascular disease and the prevalence of periodontitis in the studied population.
沙特阿拉伯王国缺乏关于牙周炎患病率及相关危险因素的当代信息。我们的目的是测量沙特阿拉伯东部省前往大学牙科医院就诊的沙特人群中牙周炎的患病率及相关危险因素。
在这项回顾性研究中，检查了700名受试者的人口统计学数据以及医疗和牙科记录。通过测量牙骨质釉质界与牙槽嵴之间的距离，分析咬合翼片以测量后牙的牙槽骨吸收情况。进行卡方检验以比较牙周炎的严重程度。使用t检验对多变量平均骨吸收进行比较。采用逻辑回归分析来评估牙周炎的预测因素。P值等于或小于0.05表示具有统计学意义。
在700例病例中，患者的平均年龄为35.6±12.1岁；男性占52.6%，女性占47.4%。总体牙周炎患病率为52.1%。轻度、中度和重度牙周炎患病率的分布分别为36.1%、14.1%和1.8%。牙周炎的严重程度在男性和女性之间无统计学差异（p = 0.148）；然而，患有中度牙周炎的沙特患者明显多于非沙特患者。在50岁以上年龄组（p < 0.001）、口腔卫生差的患者（p < 0.001）、糖尿病患者（p < 0.005）和高血压患者（p < 0.002）中，重度牙周炎的比例更高。确定了牙周炎的六个总体预测因素，即年龄>50岁（OR = 3.73）、口腔卫生状况差（OR = 2.24）、探诊出血（OR = 3.35）、存在牙菌斑（OR = 2.61）、糖尿病（OR = 3.19）和高血压（OR = 3.62）。
与牙周炎患病率相关的主要因素是年龄、国籍、糖尿病、高血压、探诊出血、牙菌斑和口腔卫生状况。然而，在所研究的人群中，未观察到性别或心血管疾病与牙周炎患病率之间存在关联。
