Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Environ Health. 2022 Dec 27;21(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s12940-022-00936-x.
Millions of tons of lead were added to gasoline worldwide beginning in 1922, and leaded gasoline has been a major source of population lead exposure. In 1960s, lead began to be removed from automotive gasoline. Removal was completed in 2021.
To determine whether removal of lead from automotive gasoline is associated with declines in population mean blood lead levels (BPb).
We examined published studies that reported population blood leaded levels for two or more years, and we calculated average concentrations of lead in gasoline corresponding to the years and locations of the blood lead level measurements.
Removal of lead from gasoline is associated with declines in BPb in all countries examined. In some countries, BPb continues to fall after lead has been eliminated from gasoline. Following elimination of lead from gasoline, BPb less than 1 μg/dL have been observed in several European and North American countries, and BPb less than 3 μg/dL have been documented in several studies from South America.
There remain many countries for which no multi-year studies of populations BPb have been identified, including all of Central America, high population countries including Pakistan and Indonesia, and major lead producers including Australia and Russia.
Removal of lead from gasoline has been a public health success. Elimination of lead from gasoline has enabled many countries to achieve population mean BPb levels of 1 μg/dL or lower. These actions have saved lives, increased children's intelligence and created great economic benefit in countries worldwide.
自 1922 年以来，全球数以百万吨计的铅被添加到汽油中，含铅汽油一直是人群铅暴露的主要来源。20 世纪 60 年代，开始从汽车汽油中去除铅。这一过程于 2021 年完成。
确定从汽车汽油中去除铅是否与人群平均血铅水平（BPb）的下降有关。
我们查阅了发表的研究报告，这些报告报告了两年或两年以上的人群血铅水平，并计算了与血铅水平测量年份和地点相对应的汽油中铅的平均浓度。
在所检查的所有国家中，从汽油中去除铅与 BPb 的下降有关。在一些国家，在从汽油中去除铅后，BPb 仍继续下降。在从汽油中去除铅之后，几个欧洲和北美的国家观察到 BPb 低于 1μg/dL，而在来自南美洲的几项研究中记录到 BPb 低于 3μg/dL。
仍有许多国家没有确定人群 BPb 的多年研究，其中包括所有中美洲国家、人口众多的国家，包括巴基斯坦和印度尼西亚，以及主要的产铅国，包括澳大利亚和俄罗斯。
从汽油中去除铅是一项公共卫生方面的成功。从汽油中去除铅使许多国家能够实现人群平均 BPb 水平为 1μg/dL 或更低。这些行动在全球范围内挽救了生命，提高了儿童的智力，并创造了巨大的经济效益。
