Genomic sequencing for epidemic and pandemic preparedness and response: EMRO's vision and strategic interventions.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is an approach for studying and analysing the entire genomic sequence of pathogens. It provides the most comprehensive characterization of an organism's genetic make-up. In January 2020, scientists used next-generation sequencing (NGS) as one of several sequencing technologies to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to reveal the first genetic makeup of this new virus only 11 days after the first cluster of cases due to the COVID-19 pandemic was reported. This crucial information was vital to the subsequent rapid development of test kits, vaccines and treatment regimens to respond to the pandemic. The sequencing information, later as the pandemic evolved, became essential for informing public health policies through monitoring and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants.