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COVID-19 的长期后果:嗅觉和味觉障碍。

Long-term Consequences of COVID-19: Chemosensory Disorders.

机构信息

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.

Insititue of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2023 Feb;23(2):111-119. doi: 10.1007/s11882-022-01062-x. Epub 2022 Dec 27.


DOI:10.1007/s11882-022-01062-x
PMID:36574210
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9792936/
Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A number of sequelae after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly affect the quality of life of patients. The chemosensory disorders including olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) are two of the commonest symptoms complained by patients with COVID-19. Although chemosensory function has been reported improved in over 60% of COVID-19 patients in a short time after acute infection, it may last as a major symptom for patients with long COVID-19. This narrative review discussed current literatures on OD and GD in long COVID-19 including the prevalence, risk factors, possible mechanisms, and potential therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Although the prevalence of OD and GD has declined continuously after acute COVID-19, a considerable number of patients had persistent chemosensory disorders 3 months to 2 years after symptom onset. Female gender, initial severity of dysfunction, nasal congestion, emotional distress and depression, and SARS-CoV-2 variants have been identified as risk factors for persistent OD and GD in long COVID-19. The pathogenesis of OD and GD in long COVID-19 remains unknown, but may be analogous to the persistent OD and GD post common respiratory viral infection. Corticosteroids and olfactory training might be a potential choice regarding the treatment of lasting OD and GD after SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, more studies are needed to prove it. OD and GD are common long-term consequences of COVID-19 and influenced by gender, initial severity of dysfunction, emotional distress and depression, and SARS-CoV-2 variants. More studies are needed to illustrate their pathogenesis and to establish therapeutic strategies.

摘要

目的综述:急性新型冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)后有许多后遗症严重影响患者的生活质量。嗅觉功能障碍(OD)和味觉功能障碍(GD)等化学感觉障碍是 COVID-19 患者最常见的症状之一。尽管 COVID-19 患者在急性感染后短时间内已有超过 60%的患者报告化学感觉功能得到改善,但对于长 COVID-19 患者,它可能持续作为主要症状。本综述讨论了长 COVID-19 中 OD 和 GD 的当前文献,包括其患病率、危险因素、可能的机制和潜在治疗方法。

最新发现:尽管 COVID-19 后急性发作后 OD 和 GD 的患病率持续下降,但仍有相当数量的患者在症状出现后 3 个月至 2 年内持续存在化学感觉障碍。女性、初始功能障碍严重程度、鼻塞、情绪困扰和抑郁以及 SARS-CoV-2 变体已被确定为长 COVID-19 中持续性 OD 和 GD 的危险因素。长 COVID-19 中 OD 和 GD 的发病机制尚不清楚,但可能类似于常见呼吸道病毒感染后持续性 OD 和 GD。皮质类固醇和嗅觉训练可能是治疗 SARS-CoV-2 感染后持续 OD 和 GD 的潜在选择;然而,还需要更多的研究来证明这一点。OD 和 GD 是 COVID-19 的常见长期后果,受性别、初始功能障碍严重程度、情绪困扰和抑郁以及 SARS-CoV-2 变体的影响。需要更多的研究来阐明其发病机制并建立治疗策略。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/99d8/9792936/5018b93b0977/11882_2022_1062_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/99d8/9792936/5018b93b0977/11882_2022_1062_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/99d8/9792936/5018b93b0977/11882_2022_1062_Fig1_HTML.jpg

相似文献

[1]
Long-term Consequences of COVID-19: Chemosensory Disorders.

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2023-2

[2]
Long-standing gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a prospective study.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022-9

[3]
Persisting chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 - a cross-sectional population-based survey.

Rhinology. 2023-2-1

[4]
Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in 100 patients hospitalized for COVID-19: sex differences and recovery time in real-life.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020-12

[5]
Long-term follow-up of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19: 6 months case-control study of health workers.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021-12

[6]
Olfactory and Gustatory Outcomes in COVID-19: A Prospective Evaluation in Nonhospitalized Subjects.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020-6-30

[7]
Multisensory mental representation in covid-19 patients and the possibility of long-lasting gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in the CNS.

Sci Rep. 2022-5-5

[8]
Persisting chemosensory impairments in 366 healthcare workers following COVID-19: an 11-month follow-up.

Chem Senses. 2022-1-1

[9]
Prevalence and recovery time of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in hospitalized patients with COVID‑19 in Wuhan, China.

Int J Infect Dis. 2020-9-17

[10]
Objective gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021-9

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[2]
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Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025-6-3

[3]
Long-term self-reported symptoms and psychophysical tests in COVID-19 subjects experiencing persistent olfactory dysfunction: a 4-year follow-up study.

Front Neural Circuits. 2025-5-7

[4]
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BMC Infect Dis. 2025-4-18

[5]
Maximizing Participation in Olfactory Training in a Sample with Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Loss.

Brain Sci. 2024-7-21

[6]
Long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with and without chemosensory disorders at disease onset: a psychophysical and magnetic resonance imaging exploratory study.

Neurol Sci. 2024-6

[7]
Impact of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experiences and psychiatric dimensions in general population.

BMC Psychiatry. 2024-2-8

[8]
Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Association on Post-Covid Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies.

Biomedicines. 2023-8-3

[9]
Exploring the research landscape of COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction: A bibliometric study.

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Two-Year Prevalence and Recovery Rate of Altered Sense of Smell or Taste in Patients With Mildly Symptomatic COVID-19.

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022-9-1

[2]
Sequelae of COVID-19 among previously hospitalized patients up to 1 year after discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Infection. 2022-10

[3]
Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients With Mild COVID-19 During Gamma, Delta, and Omicron Waves in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

JAMA. 2022-8-9

[4]
Symptoms and signs of long COVID: A rapid review and meta-analysis.

J Glob Health. 2022-5-21

[5]
Long-term prevalence of taste and olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study.

Oral Dis. 2022-11

[6]
Persisting olfactory dysfunction in post-COVID-19 is associated with gustatory impairment: Results from chemosensitive testing eight months after the acute infection.

PLoS One. 2022-3-23

[7]
Long-term olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: 18-month follow-up study.

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2022-8

[8]
Exploring Trajectory Curves from Loss of Smell and Taste in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study.

J Gen Intern Med. 2022-5

[9]
Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and quality of life in hospitalised patients 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cohort study.

BMJ Open. 2022-1-25

[10]
Self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients: a 1-year follow-up study in Foggia district, Italy.

BMC Infect Dis. 2022-1-22

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