Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
Insititue of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2023 Feb;23(2):111-119. doi: 10.1007/s11882-022-01062-x. Epub 2022 Dec 27.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A number of sequelae after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly affect the quality of life of patients. The chemosensory disorders including olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction (GD) are two of the commonest symptoms complained by patients with COVID-19. Although chemosensory function has been reported improved in over 60% of COVID-19 patients in a short time after acute infection, it may last as a major symptom for patients with long COVID-19. This narrative review discussed current literatures on OD and GD in long COVID-19 including the prevalence, risk factors, possible mechanisms, and potential therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Although the prevalence of OD and GD has declined continuously after acute COVID-19, a considerable number of patients had persistent chemosensory disorders 3 months to 2 years after symptom onset. Female gender, initial severity of dysfunction, nasal congestion, emotional distress and depression, and SARS-CoV-2 variants have been identified as risk factors for persistent OD and GD in long COVID-19. The pathogenesis of OD and GD in long COVID-19 remains unknown, but may be analogous to the persistent OD and GD post common respiratory viral infection. Corticosteroids and olfactory training might be a potential choice regarding the treatment of lasting OD and GD after SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, more studies are needed to prove it. OD and GD are common long-term consequences of COVID-19 and influenced by gender, initial severity of dysfunction, emotional distress and depression, and SARS-CoV-2 variants. More studies are needed to illustrate their pathogenesis and to establish therapeutic strategies.
目的综述:急性新型冠状病毒病 2019(COVID-19)后有许多后遗症严重影响患者的生活质量。嗅觉功能障碍(OD)和味觉功能障碍(GD)等化学感觉障碍是 COVID-19 患者最常见的症状之一。尽管 COVID-19 患者在急性感染后短时间内已有超过 60%的患者报告化学感觉功能得到改善,但对于长 COVID-19 患者,它可能持续作为主要症状。本综述讨论了长 COVID-19 中 OD 和 GD 的当前文献,包括其患病率、危险因素、可能的机制和潜在治疗方法。
最新发现:尽管 COVID-19 后急性发作后 OD 和 GD 的患病率持续下降,但仍有相当数量的患者在症状出现后 3 个月至 2 年内持续存在化学感觉障碍。女性、初始功能障碍严重程度、鼻塞、情绪困扰和抑郁以及 SARS-CoV-2 变体已被确定为长 COVID-19 中持续性 OD 和 GD 的危险因素。长 COVID-19 中 OD 和 GD 的发病机制尚不清楚,但可能类似于常见呼吸道病毒感染后持续性 OD 和 GD。皮质类固醇和嗅觉训练可能是治疗 SARS-CoV-2 感染后持续 OD 和 GD 的潜在选择;然而,还需要更多的研究来证明这一点。OD 和 GD 是 COVID-19 的常见长期后果,受性别、初始功能障碍严重程度、情绪困扰和抑郁以及 SARS-CoV-2 变体的影响。需要更多的研究来阐明其发病机制并建立治疗策略。
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2023-2
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022-9
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020-12
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021-12
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020-6-30
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021-9
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025-9-8
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2025-6-3
BMC Infect Dis. 2025-4-18
Front Neurosci. 2023-3-24
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022-9-1
J Glob Health. 2022-5-21
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2022-8