Institute for Policy Research and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens.
JAMA Pediatr. 2023 Feb 1;177(2):141-148. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3856.
School belonging has important implications for academic, psychological, and health outcomes, but the associations between racial disparities in school belonging and health have not been explored to date.
To examine associations between school-level racial disparities in belonging and cardiometabolic health into adulthood in a national sample of Black and White children, adolescents, and young adults.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cohort study of a US national sample of 4830 Black and White students (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health) followed up for 13 years. The study was conducted from 1994 to 1995 for wave 1 and in 2008 for wave 4. Data were analyzed from June 14 to August 13, 2021.
School-level racial disparities in belonging at baseline were calculated as the mean level of school belonging for Black students minus the mean level of school belonging for White students at the school that they attended when they were aged 12 to 20 years. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome were measured as outcomes for these same participants at 24 to 32 years of age.
The study included 4830 students. For wave 1, mean (SD) age was 16.1 (1.7) years, and for wave 4, 29.0 (1.7) years. A total of 2614 (54.1%) were female, 2219 were non-Hispanic Black (45.9%), and 2611 were non-Hispanic White (54.1%). Among Black students, attending a school with a greater Black-White disparity in school belonging (more negative scores) was associated with an increased risk for diabetes (odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.46-0.95]) and more risk factors for metabolic syndrome (rate ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.90-1.00]) in adulthood 13 years later. These associations persisted above individual-level controls (age, sex, and body mass index) and school-level controls (school size, percentage of Black students, and percentage of Black teachers) and were not explained by either an individual's own perception of school belonging or the mean level of belonging across the whole school.
In this prospective cohort study of US students, racial disparities in school belonging were associated with risks for diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Black students. Among students, fostering a more equal sense of school belonging across racial groups may have implications for health disparities in the cardiometabolic domain into adulthood.
学校归属感对学业、心理和健康结果有重要影响，但迄今为止，种族差异与学校归属感和健康之间的关联尚未得到探讨。
在一项针对美国黑人和白人儿童、青少年和年轻人的全国性样本中，研究学校层面种族差异与成年后心血管代谢健康的关系。
设计、地点和参与者：这是一项对美国全国性样本（青少年健康纵向研究）的前瞻性队列研究，对 4830 名黑人和白人学生进行了 13 年的随访。研究于 1994 年至 1995 年进行了第 1 波调查，于 2008 年进行了第 4 波调查。数据分析于 2021 年 6 月 14 日至 8 月 13 日进行。
以黑人学生在学校的归属感平均水平减去他们在 12 至 20 岁时就读学校的白人学生的归属感平均水平，计算出学校层面的归属感种族差异。这些相同的参与者在 24 至 32 岁时测量糖尿病和代谢综合征的情况。
这项研究包括 4830 名学生。第 1 波的平均（SD）年龄为 16.1（1.7）岁，第 4 波的平均年龄为 29.0（1.7）岁。共有 2614 名（54.1%）为女性，2219 名非西班牙裔黑人（45.9%），2611 名非西班牙裔白人（54.1%）。在黑人学生中，就读于学校归属感（黑人学生）差异较大（得分更负）的学校与成年后（13 年后）糖尿病风险增加（优势比，0.66[95%置信区间，0.46-0.95]）和代谢综合征风险因素增加（率比，0.95[95%置信区间，0.90-1.00]）相关。这些关联在个体水平控制（年龄、性别和体重指数）和学校水平控制（学校规模、黑人学生比例和黑人教师比例）之上仍然存在，并且不能用个体自身对学校归属感的感知或整个学校归属感的平均水平来解释。
在这项针对美国学生的前瞻性队列研究中，学校归属感的种族差异与黑人学生的糖尿病和代谢综合征风险相关。在学生中，在不同种族群体中培养更平等的学校归属感可能对成年后心血管代谢领域的健康差异产生影响。
