Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
Nutr Neurosci. 2024 Feb;27(2):96-105. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2161139. Epub 2022 Dec 29.
We aimed to analyze the anthropometric and body composition profiles of Down syndrome (DS) adults; to describe their dietary habits, nutrient intake, and physical activity patterns; and to identify the related risk factors which may influence their health status and quality of life. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of 23 DS adults (45% women) aged 21-44 years. Anthropometry and body composition were assessed by bioelectrical impedance. Dietary nutrient intake was assessed quantitatively using a 72-h recall. A food frequency questionnaire and the prevention with Mediterranean diet-PREDIMED questionnaire were used for qualitative rating. Higher fat mass (FM) and lower lean mass (LM), bone mass (BM), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were observed in women compared to men. LM and BM decreased, and body mass index (BMI), FM, and WHR increased with aging (all < 0.05). Vitamin D and iodine intakes were not met by 70% and 60% of the studied participants, respectively. A total of 82% of the participants consumed less than 5 portions of fruits and vegetables per day and overconsumed food groups such as sweets and snacks and red meat (> 2 times per week). Protein intake showed a significant positive correlation with height (r = 0.489, < 0.05), whereas fat intake was positively correlated with sweets and snacks (r = 0.521, < 0.05). The present findings support the existence of poor anthropometric and body composition profiles, and diet quality, underscoring the need for an interdisciplinary team assessment to enhance health and quality of life in DS adults.
我们旨在分析唐氏综合征（DS）成年人的人体测量学和身体成分特征；描述他们的饮食习惯、营养素摄入和身体活动模式；并确定可能影响其健康状况和生活质量的相关风险因素。对 23 名年龄在 21-44 岁的 DS 成年人（45%为女性）进行了横断面研究。采用生物电阻抗法评估人体测量学和身体成分。通过 72 小时回忆定量评估膳食营养素摄入量。使用食物频率问卷和地中海饮食预防-PREDIMED 问卷进行定性评分。与男性相比，女性的脂肪量（FM）和瘦体重（LM）较低，骨量（BM）和腰臀比（WHR）较高。随着年龄的增长，LM 和 BM 减少，BMI、FM 和 WHR 增加（均<0.05）。维生素 D 和碘的摄入量分别有 70%和 60%的研究参与者未达标。共有 82%的参与者每天摄入的水果和蔬菜少于 5 份，并且过量摄入甜食和零食以及红色肉类（每周>2 次）等食物组。蛋白质摄入量与身高呈显著正相关（r=0.489，<0.05），而脂肪摄入量与甜食和零食呈正相关（r=0.521，<0.05）。本研究结果支持 DS 成年人存在较差的人体测量学和身体成分特征以及较差的饮食质量，这突显了需要多学科团队评估来提高 DS 成年人的健康和生活质量。
