Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2022 Dec 13;13:1026473. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026473. eCollection 2022.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike and the non-encoded Nucleocapsid antigens during breakthrough infections (BTI, n=24) and in unvaccinated control infections (non-BTI, n=30). Subjects with vaccine breakthrough infection had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike during the first and third/fourth week after PCR diagnosis compared to non-vaccinated controls, respectively. In contrast, CD4 T cells targeting the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were of significantly lower magnitude in BTI as compared to non-BTI. Hence, previous vaccination was linked to enhanced T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated.
SARS-CoV-2 疫苗突破性感染即使在奥密克戎变异株出现之前也经常发生。然而，关于接种疫苗对突破性感染时 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 T 细胞和抗体反应动态的影响，我们知之甚少。因此，我们研究了在突破性感染（BTI，n=24）和未接种疫苗的对照感染（非-BTI，n=30）期间针对疫苗编码的 Spike 和非编码核衣壳抗原的 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞的动力学。与未接种疫苗的对照组相比，疫苗突破性感染患者在 PCR 诊断后第一周和第三/四周时针对疫苗编码的 Spike 的 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞反应显著更高。相比之下，与非-BTI 相比，BTI 中针对非疫苗编码核衣壳抗原的 CD4 T 细胞的反应幅度明显较低。因此，先前的疫苗接种与针对疫苗编码 Spike 抗原的增强的 T 细胞反应有关，而针对非疫苗编码核衣壳抗原的反应则明显减弱。
