Bleecker Eugene R, Al-Ahmad Mona, Bjermer Leif, Caminati Marco, Canonica Giorgio Walter, Kaplan Alan, Papadopoulos Nikolaos G, Roche Nicolas, Ryan Dermot, Tohda Yuji, Yáñez Anahí, Price David
Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
World Allergy Organ J. 2022 Dec 10;15(12):100726. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100726. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Systemic corticosteroids (SCS) are a highly effective treatment for acute exacerbations and long-term symptom control in asthma. Long-term SCS use is highly prevalent across all asthma severities, occurring in over 20% of patients with severe or uncontrolled disease globally. It is now well known that exposure to both long-term and repeated acute courses of SCS is associated with a high risk of serious adverse effects (AEs), such as osteoporosis, and metabolic and cardiovascular complications, especially when prescribed onto a background of other corticosteroids. The aim of this call-to-action article, endorsed by the World Allergy Organization and the Respiratory Effectiveness Group, is to review the accumulating evidence on the burden of SCS on patients with asthma and provide an overview of potential strategies for implementing SCS Stewardship. Primary prevention of exacerbations and improvement of asthma control is a key first step in achieving SCS Stewardship, by optimizing maintenance asthma medications and addressing modifiable risk factors, such as adherence and inhaler technique. Other key elements of SCS Stewardship include increasing appropriate specialist referrals for multidisciplinary review, assessment of biomarkers, and consideration of oral corticosteroid-sparing add-on therapies (eg, biologics). In cases where SCS use is deemed clinically justified, it should be tapered to the lowest possible dose. In addition, patients receiving long-term SCS or frequent acute courses should be closely monitored for emergence of SCS-related AEs. Because of the extensive data available on the costly and burdensome AEs associated with SCS use, as well as the range of treatment options now available, there is a need for healthcare providers (HCPs) to carefully evaluate whether the benefits of SCS outweigh the potential harms, to adopt SCS-sparing and Stewardship strategies, and to consider alternative therapies where possible. Development of a structured and collaborative SCS Stewardship approach is urgently required to protect patients from the potential harm of SCS use.
全身用糖皮质激素(SCS)是治疗哮喘急性加重和长期症状控制的一种高效药物。在所有哮喘严重程度中,长期使用SCS都非常普遍,全球超过20%的重度或未控制疾病患者都在使用。现在众所周知,长期和反复急性使用SCS都与严重不良反应(AE)的高风险相关,如骨质疏松、代谢和心血管并发症,尤其是在同时使用其他糖皮质激素的情况下。这篇由世界变态反应组织和呼吸有效性小组认可的行动呼吁文章的目的是回顾关于SCS对哮喘患者负担的越来越多的证据,并概述实施SCS管理的潜在策略。通过优化哮喘维持药物和解决可改变的风险因素,如依从性和吸入技术,对加重进行一级预防和改善哮喘控制是实现SCS管理的关键第一步。SCS管理的其他关键要素包括增加适当的专科转诊以进行多学科评估、生物标志物评估以及考虑使用可减少口服糖皮质激素的附加疗法(如生物制剂)。在SCS使用被认为具有临床合理性的情况下,应将其逐渐减量至尽可能低的剂量。此外,接受长期SCS或频繁急性疗程的患者应密切监测SCS相关AE的出现。由于有大量关于与SCS使用相关的昂贵且负担沉重的AE的数据,以及现在可用的一系列治疗选择,医疗保健提供者(HCP)需要仔细评估SCS的益处是否超过潜在危害,采用减少SCS使用和管理策略,并在可能的情况下考虑替代疗法。迫切需要制定一种结构化的协作性SCS管理方法,以保护患者免受SCS使用的潜在危害。