Dadar Maryam, Shahali Youcef, Fakhri Yadolah, Godfroid Jacques
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI); Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO); Karaj, Iran..
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center; Hormozgan Heath Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences; Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Vet Ital. 2022 Dec 30;58(2). doi: 10.12834/VetIt.2427.14954.2.
The presence of Brucella infections was documented in a large number of aquatic mammals, affecting wild animals living in oceans, seas, lakes and rivers within both northern and southern hemispheres. Through meta‑regression analysis, this study provides acom prehensive view of the prevalence of Brucella spp. in aquatic mammals, identifying risksu bgroups as well as most common sampling and testing methods. Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis represent the main marine Brucella spp., with documented enzootic potential, for which information on standardized diagnostic methods for the implementation of efficient screening and monitoring programs is needed. A total of 71 articles investigating the occurrence of brucellosis in aquatic mammals have been reported since 1987. The prevalence of brucellosis in males (30.42%) was significantly higher than females (18.59%). The family of Delphinidae was the most studied among aquatic mammals with a total prevalence of 39.66%. Our meta‑regression analysis showed a strong and significant association between the prevalence of Brucella spp. in mammals and water temperature (C = 0.02, p value = 0.003), while no significant correlation was found with water salinity (C = ‑ 0.09; p value = 0.10). At least 130 species of aquatic mammals have been identified as potential hosts for Brucella spp. There is no systematic veterinary inspection and global or local requirements for the monitoring of brucellosis in aquatic mammals. The association of brucellosis prevalence and water temperature warrants further studies to assess the potential direct and indirect impacts of climate change on brucellosis in aquatic mammals. This study would help to determine the basis of adaptive management strategies in order to control enzootic brucellosis in wild aquatic mammals.
大量水生哺乳动物被证实感染了布鲁氏菌，这些动物生活在北半球和南半球的海洋、湖泊和河流中。通过元回归分析，本研究全面了解了布鲁氏菌属在水生哺乳动物中的流行情况，确定了风险亚组以及最常见的采样和检测方法。鲸布鲁氏菌和海豹布鲁氏菌是主要的海洋布鲁氏菌属，具有记录在案的地方流行潜力，因此需要有关实施高效筛查和监测计划的标准化诊断方法的信息。自1987年以来，共报道了71篇调查水生哺乳动物布鲁氏菌病发生情况的文章。雄性布鲁氏菌病的患病率（30.42%）显著高于雌性（18.59%）。海豚科是水生哺乳动物中研究最多的科，总患病率为39.66%。我们的元回归分析表明，哺乳动物中布鲁氏菌属的患病率与水温之间存在强烈且显著的关联（C = 0.02，p值 = 0.003），而与盐度没有显著相关性（C = -0.09；p值 = 0.10）。至少130种水生哺乳动物已被确定为布鲁氏菌属的潜在宿主。目前没有针对水生哺乳动物布鲁氏菌病监测的系统兽医检查和全球或地方要求。布鲁氏菌病患病率与水温之间的关联值得进一步研究，以评估气候变化对水生哺乳动物布鲁氏菌病的潜在直接和间接影响。本研究将有助于确定适应性管理策略的基础，以控制野生水生哺乳动物中的地方流行性布鲁氏菌病。
