Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India.
Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Feb 28;229:70-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.284. Epub 2022 Dec 28.
In the last two years, the world encountered the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is still dominating the population due to the absence of a viable treatment. To eradicate the global pandemic, scientists, doctors, and researchers took an exceptionally significant initiative towards the development of effective therapeutics to save many lifes. This review discusses about the single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), also called nanobodies, their structure, and their types against the infections of dreadful SARS-CoV-2 virus. A precise description highlights the nanobodies and their therapeutic application against the other selected viruses. It aims to focus on the extraordinary features of these antibodies compared to the conventional therapeutics like mAbs, convalescent plasma therapy, and vaccines. The stable structure of these nanobodies along with the suitable mechanism of action also confers greater resistance to the evolving variants with numerous mutations. The nanobodies developed against SARS-CoV-2 and its mutant variants have shown the greater neutralization potential than the primitive ones. Engineering of these specialized antibodies by modern biotechnological approaches will surely be more beneficial in treating this COVID-19 pandemic along with certain other viral infections.
在过去的两年里，世界遭遇了 SARS-CoV-2 病毒，由于缺乏有效的治疗方法，该病毒仍然在人群中占主导地位。为了消除全球大流行，科学家、医生和研究人员采取了一项非常重要的举措，开发有效的治疗方法来拯救许多生命。本文讨论了单域抗体（sdAbs），也称为纳米抗体，它们的结构以及针对可怕的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染的类型。准确的描述突出了纳米抗体及其针对其他选定病毒的治疗应用。它旨在关注这些抗体与传统治疗方法（如 mAbs、恢复期血浆疗法和疫苗）相比的非凡特性。这些纳米抗体的稳定结构以及合适的作用机制也赋予了它们对具有多种突变的不断进化的变异体更大的抵抗力。针对 SARS-CoV-2 及其突变变体开发的纳米抗体显示出比原始变体更强的中和潜力。通过现代生物技术方法对这些特异性抗体进行工程改造，肯定会在治疗这种 COVID-19 大流行以及某些其他病毒感染方面带来更大的益处。
