Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Room 2W09, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Room 2W09, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2023 Feb;153:103898. doi: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103898. Epub 2022 Dec 30.
Mosquitoes are responsible for the death and debilitation of millions of people every year due to the pathogens they can transmit while blood feeding. While a handful of mosquitoes, namely those in the Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex genus, are the dominant vectors, many other species belonging to different genus are also involved in various pathogen cycles. Sabethes cyaneus is one of the many poorly understood mosquito species involved in the sylvatic cycle of Yellow Fever Virus. Here, we report the expression profile differences between male and female of Sa.cyaneus salivary glands (SGs). We find that female Sa.cyaneus SGs have 165 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated genes compared to male SGs. Most of the up-regulated genes have unknown functions, however, odorant binding proteins, such as those in the D7 protein family, and mucins were among the top 30 genes. We also performed various in vitro activity assays of female SGs. In the activity analysis we found that female SG extracts inhibit coagulation by blocking factor Xa and has endonuclease activity. Knowledge about mosquitoes and their physiology are important for understanding how different species differ in their ability to feed on and transmits pathogens to humans. These results provide us with an insight into the Sabethes SG activity and gene expression that expands our understanding of mosquito salivary glands.
蚊子每年通过血液传播病原体导致数百万人死亡和衰弱。虽然少数几种蚊子，如伊蚊、疟蚊和库蚊属，是主要的传播媒介，但许多其他不同属的物种也参与了各种病原体循环。赛贝斯蚊是参与黄热病病毒森林循环的许多了解甚少的蚊子物种之一。在这里，我们报告了雄性和雌性赛贝斯蚊唾液腺（SGs）之间的表达谱差异。我们发现，与雄性 SGs 相比，雌性 Sa.cyaneus SGs 有 165 个上调基因和 18 个下调基因。大多数上调基因的功能未知，但气味结合蛋白，如 D7 蛋白家族的气味结合蛋白，以及粘蛋白在排名前 30 的基因中。我们还对雌性 SGs 进行了各种体外活性测定。在活性分析中，我们发现雌性 SG 提取物通过阻止因子 Xa 抑制凝血，并具有核酸内切酶活性。了解蚊子及其生理学对于理解不同物种在吸食和传播病原体给人类方面的能力差异非常重要。这些结果为我们提供了赛贝斯 SG 活性和基因表达的深入了解，扩展了我们对蚊子唾液腺的认识。
