Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Ø, Denmark.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2023 Mar;180:107698. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107698. Epub 2022 Dec 29.
The water boatmen of Corixoidea, a group of aquatic bugs with more than 600 extant species, is one of the largest superfamilies of Nepomorpha. Contrary to the other nepomorphan lineages, the Corixoidea are most diverse in the Laurasian remnant Holarctic region. To explicitly test whether the present-day Holarctic distribution of diverse corixids is associated with the arising of the Laurasian landmass that was separated from Gondwana, we investigated the phylogeny, divergence times and historical biogeography of Corixoidea based on morphological and molecular characters sampled from 122 taxa representing all families, subfamilies, tribes and approximately 54 % of the genera. Our results were largely congruent with the phylogenetic relationships within the established nepomorphan phylogenetic context. The fossil calibrated chronogram, diversification analysis and ancestral ranges reconstruction indicated that Corixoidea began to diversify in Gondwana in the late Triassic approximately at 224 Ma and the arising of the most diverse subfamily Corixinae in Corixidae in the Holarctic region was largely congruent with the time of separation of Laurasia from Gondwana. The large-scale expansion of the temperate and cold zones on the northward-moving Laurasian landmass after the breakup of the Pangea provided new aquatic niches and ecological opportunities for promoting rapid diversification for the Holarctic corixid lineage.
水黾科 Corixoidea 是 Nepomorpha 目中最大的超科之一，包含超过 600 个现存物种，其成员均为水生昆虫。与其他 Nepomorpha 支系不同，水黾科在现生的古北界 Laurasiatic 区系中多样性最为丰富。为了明确检验现今广泛分布于古北界的多样水黾科昆虫是否与从冈瓦纳大陆分离出来的劳亚古陆的出现有关，我们基于从 122 个分类单元中采样的形态学和分子特征，调查了水黾科的系统发育、分化时间和历史生物地理学，这些分类单元代表了所有科、亚科、族以及大约 54%的属。我们的结果与已建立的 Nepomorpha 系统发育背景内的系统发育关系基本一致。化石校准的时标、多样化分析和祖先分布区重建表明，水黾科起源于冈瓦纳大陆的晚三叠世（约 2.24 亿年前），而 Corixidae 科中多样性最丰富的亚科 Corixinae 在古北界的出现，与劳亚古陆与冈瓦纳大陆分离的时间基本一致。泛大陆分裂后，劳亚古陆向北移动，温带和寒带的大规模扩张为北方的水黾科谱系提供了新的水生小生境和生态机会，促进了其快速多样化。
