Ye Zhen, Damgaard Jakob, Yang Huanhuan, Hebsgaard Martin B, Weir Tom, Bu Wenjun
Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, Kobenhavn, 2100 Ø, Denmark.
Cladistics. 2020 Feb;36(1):72-87. doi: 10.1111/cla.12383. Epub 2019 Apr 29.
Climate fluctuations and tectonic reconfigurations associated with environmental changes play large roles in determining patterns of adaptation and diversification, but studies documenting how such drivers have shaped the evolutionary history and diversification dynamics of limnic organisms during the Mesozoic are scarce. Members of the heteropteran infraorder Nepomorpha, or aquatic bugs, are ideal for testing the effects of these determinants on their diversification pulses because most species are confined to aquatic environments during their entire life. The group has a relatively mature taxonomy and is well represented in the fossil record. We investigated the evolution of Nepomorpha based on phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular characters sampled from 115 taxa representing all 13 families and approximately 40% of recognized genera. Our results were largely congruent with the phylogenetic relationships inferred from morphology. A divergence dating analysis indicated that Nepomorpha began to diversify in the late Permian (approximately 263 Ma), and diversification analyses suggested that palaeoecological opportunities probably promoted lineage diversification in this group.
与环境变化相关的气候波动和构造重组在决定适应和多样化模式方面起着重要作用，但记录这些驱动因素如何在中生代塑造淡水生物进化历史和多样化动态的研究却很少。异翅亚目水蝽次目的成员，即水生蝽象，是测试这些决定因素对其多样化脉冲影响的理想对象，因为大多数物种在其整个生命周期中都局限于水生环境。该类群有相对成熟的分类学，并且在化石记录中有很好的代表性。我们基于对115个分类单元（代表所有13个科和约40%已确认属）的形态和分子特征进行系统发育分析，研究了水蝽次目的进化。我们的结果在很大程度上与从形态学推断的系统发育关系一致。分歧时间分析表明，水蝽次目在二叠纪晚期（约2.63亿年前）开始多样化，多样化分析表明古生态机会可能促进了该类群的谱系多样化。
