Ye Zhen, Damgaard Jakob, Burckhardt Daniel, Gibbs George, Yuan Juanjuan, Yang Huanhuan, Bu Wenjun
Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Cladistics. 2019 Apr;35(2):135-149. doi: 10.1111/cla.12237. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
The moss bugs of the Peloridiidae, a small group of cryptic and mostly flightless insects, is the only living family in Coleorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera). Today 37 species in 17 genera are known from eastern Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and Patagonia, and the peloridiids are thereby a group with a classical southern Gondwanan distribution. To explicitly test whether the present-day distribution of the Peloridiidae actually results from the sequential breakup of southern Gondwana, we provide the first total-evidence phylogenetic study based on morphological and molecular characters sampled from about 75% of recognized species representing 13 genera. The results largely confirm the established morphological phylogenetic context except that South American Peloridium hammoniorum constitutes the sister group to the remaining peloridiids. A timescale analysis indicates that the Peloridiidae began to diversify in the land mass that is today's Patagonia in the late Jurassic (153 Ma, 95% highest posterior density: 78-231 Ma), and that splitting into the three extant well-supported biogeographical clades (i.e. Australia, Patagonia and New Zealand/New Caledonia) is consistent with the sequential breakup of southern Gondwana in the late Cretaceous, indicating that the current transoceanic disjunct distributions of the Peloridiidae are best explained by a Gondwanan vicariance hypothesis.
扁蝽科的苔藓蝽是一类隐秘且大多无飞行能力的小型昆虫，是鞘喙亚目（昆虫纲：半翅目）中唯一现存的科。如今，在澳大利亚东部、新西兰、新喀里多尼亚和巴塔哥尼亚已发现17属37种苔藓蝽，因此苔藓蝽是具有典型冈瓦纳古陆南部分布的一个类群。为了明确检验扁蝽科现今的分布是否实际上是冈瓦纳古陆南部连续分裂的结果，我们基于从代表13个属的约75%已确认物种中采样的形态学和分子特征，开展了首次全面证据系统发育研究。结果在很大程度上证实了已确立的形态学系统发育背景，只是南美扁蝽属的哈氏扁蝽是其余扁蝽的姐妹群。时间尺度分析表明，扁蝽科在侏罗纪晚期（1.53亿年前，95%最高后验密度：7800 - 2.31亿年前）于如今的巴塔哥尼亚所在的陆块开始分化，并且分裂为三个现存得到充分支持的生物地理分支（即澳大利亚、巴塔哥尼亚和新西兰/新喀里多尼亚）与白垩纪晚期冈瓦纳古陆南部的连续分裂一致，这表明扁蝽科当前的跨洋间断分布最好用冈瓦纳古陆隔离假说解释。
