Johnson Aileen C, Silva Juliete A F, Kim Steven C, Larsen Christian P
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Dec 16;9:1070385. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1070385. eCollection 2022.
The development of systems biology represents an immense breakthrough in our ability to perform translational research and deliver personalized and precision medicine. A multidisciplinary approach in combination with use of novel techniques allows for the extraction and analysis of vast quantities of data even from the volume and source limited samples that can be obtained from human subjects. Continued advances in microfluidics, scalability and affordability of sequencing technologies, and development of data analysis tools have made the application of a multi-omics, or systems, approach more accessible for use outside of specialized centers. The study of alloimmune and protective immune responses after solid organ transplant offers innumerable opportunities for a multi-omics approach, however, transplant immunology labs are only just beginning to adopt the systems methodology. In this review, we focus on advances in biological techniques and how they are improving our understanding of the immune system and its interactions, highlighting potential applications in transplant immunology. First, we describe the techniques that are available, with emphasis on major advances that allow for increased scalability. Then, we review initial applications in the field of transplantation with a focus on topics that are nearing clinical integration. Finally, we examine major barriers to adapting these methods and discuss potential future developments.
系统生物学的发展代表了我们在开展转化研究以及提供个性化精准医学方面能力的巨大突破。多学科方法与新技术的结合，使得即便从数量和来源有限的人体样本中也能够提取和分析大量数据。微流控技术、测序技术的可扩展性和可负担性的持续进步，以及数据分析工具的开发，使得多组学或系统方法在专业中心之外的应用变得更加可行。实体器官移植后同种免疫和保护性免疫反应的研究为多组学方法提供了无数机会，然而，移植免疫学实验室才刚刚开始采用系统方法。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注生物技术的进展以及它们如何增进我们对免疫系统及其相互作用的理解，突出其在移植免疫学中的潜在应用。首先，我们描述现有的技术，重点介绍实现更高可扩展性的主要进展。然后，我们回顾移植领域的初步应用，重点关注接近临床整合的主题。最后，我们审视采用这些方法的主要障碍，并讨论潜在的未来发展。
