State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
Food Res Int. 2023 Jan;163:112172. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112172. Epub 2022 Nov 25.
Lotus seed plumule (LP) is rich in a variety of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory secondary metabolites, making it a traditional food and medicine widely used in China. Physiological and histological evidences indicated that LP mainly accumulated metabolites in 15-24 days after pollination (DAP) during their development. To systematically investigate the dynamic accumulation of major secondary metabolites, the UPLC-HRMS-based widely targeted metabolomics analyses were performed on maturing LP at 15, 18, 21, and 24 DAP. In total, 767 metabolites were identified, including many secondary metabolites, e.g., 27 % flavonoids and 8 % alkaloids. Among them, 591 were identified as differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). The majority of secondary metabolites showed great accumulation after 18 DAP even at the late stage of LP maturation, such as hesperidin, neohesperidin, orobol, serotonin, and lotus special O-nornuciferine, endowing mature LP with effective pharmaceutical properties. The paralleled transcriptomic analysis identified 11,019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on the comprehensive data, several systematical metabolic regulation maps were established for different secondary metabolites, and 18 DAP was found as a switching point for LP maturing from active primary metabolism to massive secondary metabolites deposition. This study provides valuable information for understanding the mechanism of secondary metabolite accumulation in maturing LP and facilitates its pharmaceutical application.
莲子心富含多种抗氧化和抗炎的次生代谢产物，是中国传统的药食两用植物。生理和组织学证据表明，莲子心在授粉后 15-24 天（DAP）的发育过程中主要积累代谢物。为了系统研究主要次生代谢物的动态积累，本研究采用基于 UPLC-HRMS 的广泛靶向代谢组学分析方法，对授粉后 15、18、21 和 24 天的成熟莲子心进行了分析。共鉴定出 767 种代谢物，包括许多次生代谢物，如 27%的黄酮类化合物和 8%的生物碱。其中，591 种被鉴定为差异积累代谢物（DAMs）。大多数次生代谢物在 18 DAP 后表现出大量积累，甚至在莲子心成熟后期也是如此，如橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、山柰酚、色氨酸和莲心特殊 O-去甲乌药碱等，赋予成熟莲子心有效的药用特性。平行的转录组分析鉴定出 11019 个差异表达基因（DEGs）。基于综合数据，为不同的次生代谢物建立了几个系统的代谢调控图谱，发现 18 DAP 是莲子心从活跃的初生代谢向大量次生代谢产物积累转变的关键时期。本研究为深入了解成熟莲子心中次生代谢物积累的机制提供了有价值的信息，并有助于其药用开发。
