Berthier Etienne, Floriciou Dana, Gardner Alex S, Gourmelen Noel, Jakob Livia, Paul Frank, Treichler Désirée, Wouters Bert, Belart Joaquín M C, Dehecq Amaury, Dussaillant Ines, Hugonnet Romain, Kääb Andreas, Krieger Lukas, Pálsson Finnur, Zemp Michael
LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France.
Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
Rep Prog Phys. 2023 Feb 8;86(3). doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/acaf8e.
Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are currently losing mass rapidly with direct and severe impacts on the habitability of some regions on Earth as glacier meltwater contributes to sea-level rise and alters regional water resources in arid regions. In this review, we present the different techniques developed during the last two decades to measure glacier mass change from space: digital elevation model (DEM) differencing from stereo-imagery and synthetic aperture radar interferometry, laser and radar altimetry and space gravimetry. We illustrate their respective strengths and weaknesses to survey the mass change of a large Arctic ice body, the Vatnajökull Ice Cap (Iceland) and for the steep glaciers of the Everest area (Himalaya). For entire regions, mass change estimates sometimes disagree when a similar technique is applied by different research groups. At global scale, these discrepancies result in mass change estimates varying by 20%-30%. Our review confirms the need for more thorough inter-comparison studies to understand the origin of these differences and to better constrain regional to global glacier mass changes and, ultimately, past and future glacier contribution to sea-level rise.
与格陵兰岛和南极冰盖不同的冰川目前正在迅速失去质量，这对地球上一些地区的宜居性产生了直接而严重的影响，因为冰川融水导致海平面上升，并改变了干旱地区的区域水资源。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了过去二十年间开发的用于从太空测量冰川质量变化的不同技术：基于立体影像和合成孔径雷达干涉测量的数字高程模型（DEM）差分、激光和雷达测高以及空间重力测量。我们展示了这些技术各自的优缺点，以测量北极的一个大型冰体——瓦特纳冰原（冰岛）以及珠穆朗玛峰地区（喜马拉雅山脉）陡峭冰川的质量变化。对于整个区域而言，当不同研究团队应用类似技术时，质量变化估计值有时会不一致。在全球范围内，这些差异导致质量变化估计值相差20% - 30%。我们的综述证实，需要进行更全面的相互比较研究，以了解这些差异的根源，并更好地确定区域到全球的冰川质量变化，以及最终过去和未来冰川对海平面上升的贡献。
