School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
Mater Horiz. 2023 Mar 6;10(3):670-697. doi: 10.1039/d2mh01345b.
The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoTs) and proliferation of wearable electronics have significantly stimulated the pursuit of distributed power supply systems that are small and light. Accordingly, micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) have recently attracted tremendous research interest due to their high power density, good energy density, long cycling life, and rapid charge/discharge rate delivered in a limited volume and area. As an emerging class of electrochemical energy storage devices, MSCs using polyaniline (PANI) electrodes are envisaged to bridge the gap between carbonaceous MSCs and micro-batteries, leading to a high power density together with improved energy density. However, despite the intensive development of PANI-based MSCs in the past few decades, a comprehensive review focusing on the chemical properties and synthesis of PANI, working mechanisms, design principles, and electrochemical performances of MSCs is lacking. Thus, herein, we summarize the recent advances in PANI-based MSCs using a wide range of electrode materials. Firstly, the fundamentals of MSCs are outlined including their working principle, device design, fabrication technology, and performance metrics. Then, the working principle and synthesis methods of PANI are discussed. Afterward, MSCs based on various PANI materials including pure PANI, PANI hydrogel, and PANI composites are discussed in detail. Lastly, concluding remarks and perspectives on their future development are presented. This review can present new ideas and give rise to new opportunities for the design of high-performance miniaturized PANI-based MSCs that underpin the sustainable prosperity of the approaching IoTs era.
物联网 (IoT) 的快速发展和可穿戴电子产品的普及极大地刺激了对小型轻量分布式电源系统的追求。因此，由于其在有限的体积和面积内提供高功率密度、良好的能量密度、长循环寿命和快速充放电率，微超级电容器 (MSC) 最近引起了极大的研究兴趣。作为一种新兴的电化学储能器件，使用聚苯胺 (PANI) 电极的 MSC 有望弥合碳质 MSC 和微电池之间的差距，从而实现高功率密度和提高能量密度。然而，尽管在过去几十年中对基于 PANI 的 MSC 进行了密集开发，但缺乏全面关注 PANI 的化学性质和合成、工作机制、设计原理和电化学性能的综述。因此，在此，我们总结了使用各种电极材料的基于 PANI 的 MSC 的最新进展。首先，概述了 MSC 的基本原理，包括其工作原理、器件设计、制造技术和性能指标。然后，讨论了 PANI 的工作原理和合成方法。随后，详细讨论了基于各种 PANI 材料的 MSC，包括纯 PANI、PANI 水凝胶和 PANI 复合材料。最后，提出了对它们未来发展的结论和展望。本综述可以为设计高性能小型化基于 PANI 的 MSC 提供新的思路和新的机会，为即将到来的 IoT 时代的可持续繁荣奠定基础。
