Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
National Agricultural Research Organization, Mbarara, Uganda.
BMC Microbiol. 2023 Jan 5;23(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s12866-022-02743-3.
Exploring the microbiome in multiple body sites of a livestock species informs approaches to promote its health and performance through efficient and sustainable modulation of these microbial ecosystems. Here, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the microbiome in the oropharyngeal cavity, proximal colon, and vaginal tract of Jeju Black pigs (JBP), which are native to the Korean peninsula.
We sampled nine 7-month-old JBP gilts raised under controlled conditions. The most abundant phyla that we found within the oropharyngeal microbiota were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes, collectively providing core features from twenty-five of their genera. We also found a proximal colonic microbial core composed of features from twenty of the genera of the two predominant phyla, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Remarkably, within the JBP vaginal microbiota, Bacteroidetes dominated at phylum level, contrary to previous reports regarding other pig breeds. Features of the JBP core vaginal microbiota, came from seventeen genera of the major phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Although these communities were distinct, we found some commonalities amongst them. Features from the genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Bacillus and an unclassified genus of the family Ruminococcaceae were ubiquitous across the three body sites. Comparing oropharyngeal and proximal colonic communities, we found additional shared features from the genus Anaerorhabdus. Between oropharyngeal and vaginal ecosystems, we found other shared features from the genus Campylobacter, as well as unclassified genera from the families Fusobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae. Proximal colonic and vaginal microbiota also shared features from the genera Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and an unclassified genus of Clostridiales.
Our results delineate unique and ubiquitous features within and across the oropharyngeal, proximal colonic and vaginal microbial communities in this Korean native breed of pigs. These findings provide a reference for future microbiome-focused studies and suggest a potential for modulating these communities, utilizing ubiquitous features, to enhance health and performance of the JBP.
探索家畜多种体部位的微生物组有助于通过有效和可持续地调节这些微生物生态系统来促进其健康和性能。在这里，我们采用 16S rRNA 基因测序技术描述了济州黑猪（JBP）口咽腔、近端结肠和阴道的微生物组，济州黑猪原产于朝鲜半岛。
我们从 9 头 7 月龄在受控条件下饲养的 JBP 小母猪中进行了采样。在口咽微生物群中发现的最丰富的门是变形菌门、拟杆菌门、梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门，它们共同提供了 25 个属的核心特征。我们还发现了一个由两个主要菌门（Firmicutes 和 Bacteroidetes）的 20 个属的特征组成的近端结肠微生物核心。值得注意的是，在 JBP 阴道微生物群中，Bacteroidetes 在门水平上占主导地位，这与之前关于其他猪种的报道相反。JBP 核心阴道微生物群的特征来自于 Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes、Proteobacteria 和 Fusobacteria 四个主要菌门的 17 个属。尽管这些群落存在差异，但我们发现它们之间存在一些共性。来自链球菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、芽孢杆菌属和未分类的 Ruminococcaceae 科的特征在三个体部位都普遍存在。比较口咽和近端结肠群落，我们发现了来自 Anaerorhabdus 属的其他共有特征。在口咽和阴道生态系统之间，我们发现了来自 Campylobacter 属以及 Fusobacteriaceae 和 Flavobacteriaceae 科未分类属的其他共有特征。近端结肠和阴道微生物群也共享来自梭菌属、乳杆菌属和未分类的 Clostridiales 属的特征。
我们的研究结果描绘了这个韩国本土猪种口咽、近端结肠和阴道微生物群落中独特和普遍存在的特征。这些发现为未来的微生物组研究提供了参考，并暗示了利用普遍存在的特征来调节这些群落以提高 JBP 健康和性能的潜力。
