O'Connor Seán R, Fagher Kristina, Williamson Samuel, Pluim Babette M, Ardern Clare L, Janse van Rensburg Dina C, Heron Neil
Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Sports Med Health Sci. 2022 Aug 29;4(4):225-238. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.07.004. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Accurate and reliable evaluation of muscle strength in para-athletes is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of strength training and/or rehabilitation programmes, and sport classification. Our aim is to synthesise evidence related to assessing muscle strength in para-athletes. Four databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2021 for observational studies focusing on strength assessment. Independent screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. A total of 1764 potential studies were identified. Thirty met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The mean age of participants was 30.7 years (standard deviation []: 2.4). The majority were men (88%) participating in wheelchair sports, including basketball, rugby, and tennis (23/30: 76%). Overall quality varied, with more than half of the studies failing to identify strategies for dealing with confounding variables. Despite manual muscle testing being a standard component of para-sport classification systems, evidence examining strength characteristics in para-athletes is derived primarily from isometric and isokinetic testing. In studies that included comparative strength data, findings were mixed. Some studies found strength values were similar to or lower than able-bodied athletic controls. However, an important observation was that others reported higher shoulder strength in para-athletes taking part in wheelchair sports than both able-bodied and disabled non-athletes. Studies need to develop accessible, standardised strength testing methods that account for training influence and establish normative strength values in para-athletes. There is also a need for additional studies that include female para-athletes and para-athletes with greater functional impairments.
准确可靠地评估残疾运动员的肌肉力量对于监测力量训练和/或康复计划的效果以及运动分级至关重要。我们的目的是综合与评估残疾运动员肌肉力量相关的证据。从1990年1月至2021年7月检索了四个数据库，以查找侧重于力量评估的观察性研究。独立进行了重复的筛选、数据提取和质量评估。共确定了1764项潜在研究。30项符合纳入标准并被纳入综述。参与者的平均年龄为30.7岁（标准差：2.4）。大多数是男性（88%），参加轮椅运动，包括篮球、橄榄球和网球（23/30：76%）。总体质量参差不齐，超过一半的研究未能确定处理混杂变量的策略。尽管徒手肌力测试是残疾运动分级系统的标准组成部分，但研究残疾运动员力量特征的证据主要来自等长和等速测试。在包括比较力量数据的研究中，结果不一。一些研究发现力量值与健全运动员对照组相似或更低。然而，一个重要的观察结果是，其他研究报告称，参加轮椅运动的残疾运动员的肩部力量高于健全人和非运动员残疾人。研究需要开发可及的、标准化的力量测试方法，考虑训练影响并建立残疾运动员的标准力量值。还需要更多包括女性残疾运动员和功能障碍更严重的残疾运动员的研究。
