核糖核酸甲基化的动态调控及关键作用

Dynamic regulation and key roles of ribonucleic acid methylation.

作者信息

Zou Jia, Liu Hui, Tan Wei, Chen Yi-Qi, Dong Jing, Bai Shu-Yuan, Wu Zhao-Xia, Zeng Yan

机构信息

Community Health Service Center, Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

出版信息

Front Cell Neurosci. 2022 Dec 19;16:1058083. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1058083. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.3389/fncel.2022.1058083

PMID:36601431

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9806184/

Abstract

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation is the most abundant modification in biological systems, accounting for 60% of all RNA modifications, and affects multiple aspects of RNA (including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs). Dysregulation of RNA methylation causes many developmental diseases through various mechanisms mediated by -methyladenosine (mA), 5-methylcytosine (mC), -methyladenosine (mA), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), and pseudouridine (Ψ). The emerging tools of RNA methylation can be used as diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic markers. Here, we review the accumulated discoveries to date regarding the biological function and dynamic regulation of RNA methylation/modification, as well as the most popularly used techniques applied for profiling RNA epitranscriptome, to provide new ideas for growth and development.

摘要

核糖核酸（RNA）甲基化是生物系统中最丰富的修饰，占所有RNA修饰的60%，并影响RNA的多个方面（包括信使核糖核酸、转运核糖核酸、核糖体核糖核酸、微小核糖核酸和长链非编码核糖核酸）。RNA甲基化失调通过N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）、5-甲基胞嘧啶（m5C）、N1-甲基腺苷（m1A）、5-羟甲基胞嘧啶（hmC）和假尿苷（Ψ）介导的各种机制导致许多发育性疾病。新兴的RNA甲基化工具可用作诊断、预防和治疗标志物。在这里，我们回顾了迄今为止关于RNA甲基化/修饰的生物学功能和动态调控的累积发现，以及用于分析RNA表观转录组的最常用技术，为生长和发育提供新的思路。