Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2023 May;55(3):584-589. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12873. Epub 2023 Jan 5.
To summarize recent evidence of the relationship between acculturation and substance use addiction among foreign-born persons living in the United States (U.S.) and abroad.
Foreign-born populations are increasing in many countries as a result of immigration and global refugee displacement. Acculturation and discrimination toward both populations have been related to the initiation of illicit substance use. The "immigrant paradox" may serve as a protective factor against the initiation and worsening prognosis of substance use disorders. Improving multilingual accessibility and frequency of use of clinical screeners may enhance addiction risk factor identification and potential interventions for foreign-born populations living in countries of emigration, such as the U.S.
Foreign-born persons compose a significant proportion of nurse-patient interactions in the U.S. and abroad. The unique sociological phenomenon of the immigrant paradox may serve as a protective factor for foreign-born persons despite the increased risk for adverse childhood events, acculturation, and discrimination. Due to conflicting evidence, future studies should examine longitudinal outcomes of substance use exclusively among foreign-born persons as well as protective and risk factors associated with immigrants and refugees, respectively.
Foreign-born persons may experience unique risk factors associated with addiction. Future studies should focus on foreign-born populations to explore if social constructs surrounding addiction can be extrapolated into other populations, including their second-generation offspring. Differences surrounding migration contexts between immigrants and refugees may be important for clinical researchers to understand when designing research studies centered on these experiences. Nurses can play a significant role in identifying patients at risk for substance use by advocating for inclusive and comprehensive multilingual screeners.
总结近期有关生活在美国（美国）和国外的外国出生人群的文化适应与物质使用成瘾之间关系的证据。
由于移民和全球难民流离失所，许多国家的外国出生人口都在增加。文化适应和对这两个群体的歧视都与非法药物使用的开始有关。“移民悖论”可能是预防物质使用障碍开始和恶化的保护因素。改善多语言的可及性和临床筛查器的使用频率可能会增强对外来移民人群的成瘾风险因素的识别，并为他们提供潜在的干预措施，例如在美国。
外国出生的人在美国和国外构成了护士与患者互动的重要组成部分。移民悖论的独特社会学现象可能是外国出生者的保护因素，尽管他们面临更多的不利童年事件、文化适应和歧视的风险。由于证据相互矛盾，未来的研究应专门研究外国出生者的物质使用的纵向结果，以及与移民和难民相关的保护和风险因素。
外国出生者可能会经历与成瘾相关的独特风险因素。未来的研究应集中在外来人口上，以探讨与成瘾相关的社会结构是否可以推广到其他人群，包括他们的第二代后代。移民和难民之间的移民背景差异对于临床研究人员在设计以这些经历为中心的研究时理解这些差异非常重要。护士可以通过倡导包容和全面的多语言筛查，在识别有物质使用风险的患者方面发挥重要作用。
