Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 5;13(1):240. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24407-y.
BES1, as the most important transcription factor responsible for brassinolide (BR) signaling, has been confirmed to play a significant role in regulating plant growth and the improvement of stress resistance. The transcriptional regulatory mechanism of BES1 has been well elucidated in several plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), Triticum aestivum L. (T. aestivum), and Oryza sativa L. (O. sativa). Nevertheless, the genome-wide analysis of the BES1 family in Vitis vinifera L. (V. vinifera). has not been comprehensively carried out. Thus, we have conducted a detailed analysis and identification of the BES1 transcription factors family in V. vinifera; a total of eight VvBES1 genes was predicted, and the phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and Cis-acting element in their promoters were also analyzed. BES1 genes have been divided into three groups (I, II and III) based on phylogenetic relationship analysis, and most of VvBES1 genes were in group III. Also, we found that VvBES1 genes was located at seven of the total nineteen chromosomes, whereas VvBES1-2 (Vitvi04g01234) and VvBES1-5 (Vitvi18g00924) had a collinearity relationship, and their three copies are well preserved. In addition, the intron-exon model of VvBES1 genes were mostly conserved, and there existed several Cis-acting elements related to stress resistance responsive and phytohormones responsive in BES1s genes promoter. Moreover, the BES1 expressions were different in different V. vinifera organs, and BES1 expressions were different in different V. vinifera varieties under saline-alkali stress and heat stress, the expression of VvBES1 also changed with the prolongation of saline-alkali stress treatment time. The above findings could not only lay a primary foundation for the further validation of VvBES1 function, but could also provide a reference for molecular breeding in V. vinifera.
BES1 作为最重要的赤霉素（BR）信号转导转录因子，已被证实可在调节植物生长和提高抗逆性方面发挥重要作用。BES1 的转录调控机制在拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana，A. thaliana）、普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.，T. aestivum）和水稻（Oryza sativa L.，O. sativa）等几种植物中已得到充分阐明。然而，尚未对葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.，V. vinifera）基因组范围内的 BES1 家族进行全面分析。因此，我们对 V. vinifera 中的 BES1 转录因子家族进行了详细的分析和鉴定；共预测到 8 个 VvBES1 基因，并对其启动子中的系统发育关系、基因结构和顺式作用元件进行了分析。根据系统发育关系分析，BES1 基因分为三组（I、II 和 III），大多数 VvBES1 基因位于第三组。此外，我们发现 VvBES1 基因位于 19 条染色体中的 7 条染色体上，而 VvBES1-2（Vitvi04g01234）和 VvBES1-5（Vitvi18g00924）具有共线性关系，它们的三个拷贝保存完好。此外，VvBES1 基因的内含子-外显子模型大多保守，在 BES1 基因启动子中存在与抗逆性和植物激素响应相关的几个顺式作用元件。此外，BES1 的表达在不同的葡萄器官中存在差异，在盐碱性胁迫和热胁迫下不同的葡萄品种中 BES1 的表达也存在差异，VvBES1 的表达也随着盐碱性胁迫处理时间的延长而变化。上述发现不仅为进一步验证 VvBES1 功能奠定了初步基础，也为葡萄的分子育种提供了参考。
