Lim Su-Jin, Kwon Hyuk-Cheol, Shin Dong-Min, Choi Yong-Jun, Han Seo-Gu, Kim Yea-Ji, Han Sung-Gu
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
Foods. 2023 Jan 1;12(1):189. doi: 10.3390/foods12010189.
Pistachio milk (PM), an extraction product of pistachio, is protein- and fat-dense food. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are known for inducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. This study aimed to find an optimal combination of probiotics that can produce a higher amount of SCFAs in PM. In addition, the anti-cancer effect of fermented PM on human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2) was determined. The combinations of probiotics were as follows: + (C); C + (C-La); C + (C-Lg); C + (C-Bb). The results indicated that fermented PM was produced after a short fermentation time in all the probiotics combinations. C-Bb produced up to 1.5-fold more acetate than the other probiotics combinations did. A significant amount of cytotoxicity, i.e., 78, 56, and 29% cell viability was observed in Caco-2 cells by C-Bb-fermented PM at 1, 2.5 and 5%, respectively. C-Bb-fermented PM (5%) induced early and late apoptosis up to 6-fold. Additionally, Caco-2 cells treated with C-Bb-fermented PM significantly induced the downregulation of α-tubulin and the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, as well as nuclear condensation and fragmentation. Our data suggest that fermented PM, which is rich in acetate, may have the potential as a functional food possessing anti-colon cancer properties.
开心果奶（PM）是开心果的一种提取物，是富含蛋白质和脂肪的食物。短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）以诱导结肠癌细胞的细胞毒性和凋亡而闻名。本研究旨在找到一种能在开心果奶中产生更高量短链脂肪酸的益生菌最佳组合。此外，还测定了发酵开心果奶对人结肠癌细胞（Caco-2）的抗癌作用。益生菌组合如下： + （C）；C + （C-La）；C + （C-Lg）；C + （C-Bb）。结果表明，在所有益生菌组合中，经过短时间发酵后都产生了发酵开心果奶。C-Bb产生的乙酸盐比其他益生菌组合多1.5倍。分别在1%、2.5%和5%的C-Bb发酵开心果奶作用下，Caco-2细胞中观察到显著的细胞毒性，即细胞活力分别为78%、56%和29%。C-Bb发酵开心果奶（5%）诱导早期和晚期凋亡高达6倍。此外，用C-Bb发酵开心果奶处理的Caco-2细胞显著诱导α-微管蛋白的下调和裂解的半胱天冬酶-3的上调，以及细胞核浓缩和碎片化。我们的数据表明，富含乙酸盐的发酵开心果奶可能具有作为具有抗结肠癌特性的功能性食品的潜力。
