Martin T R, Bracken M B
Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health, Boston 02111.
Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Nov;126(5):813-21. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114718.
In a prospective study of 3,891 antenatal patients at Yale-New Haven Hospital between 1980 and 1982, 76.7% consumed caffeine from coffee, tea, colas, and drugs. A dose response of caffeine intake to increased risk for delivering low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) singleton newborns was observed. This relation was observed in deliveries after 36 weeks gestational age. When comparison was made with women who had no caffeine exposure, the relative risks of low birth weight after adjustment for confounding factors were 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-3.0) for 1-150 mg of caffeine daily; 2.3 (95% CI 1.1-5.2) for 151-300 mg; and 4.6 (95% CI 2.0-10.5) for over 300 mg. Decreases in mean birth weight were 6, 31, and 105 g, respectively. Gestational age did not appear to be related to caffeine consumption in the crude or adjusted analysis. Maternal caffeine intake seems to exert an effect on birth weight through growth retardation in term newborns.
在1980年至1982年间对耶鲁-纽黑文医院3891名产前患者进行的一项前瞻性研究中，76.7%的人从咖啡、茶、可乐和药物中摄入咖啡因。观察到咖啡因摄入量与低出生体重（低于2500克）单胎新生儿出生风险增加之间存在剂量反应关系。这种关系在孕龄36周后的分娩中观察到。与未接触咖啡因的女性相比，在对混杂因素进行调整后，每日摄入1 - 150毫克咖啡因时，低出生体重的相对风险为1.4（95%置信区间（CI）0.7 - 3.0）；摄入151 - 300毫克时为2.3（95%CI 1.1 - 5.2）；摄入超过300毫克时为4.6（95%CI 2.0 - 10.5）。平均出生体重分别下降了6克、31克和105克。在粗分析或调整分析中，孕龄似乎与咖啡因摄入量无关。母亲摄入咖啡因似乎通过足月新生儿生长迟缓对出生体重产生影响。
