Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Molecules. 2022 Dec 26;28(1):200. doi: 10.3390/molecules28010200.
The advent of graphene opens up the research into two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are considered revolutionary materials. Due to its unique geometric structure, graphene exhibits a series of exotic physical and chemical properties. In addition, single-element-based 2D materials (Xenes) have garnered tremendous interest. At present, 16 kinds of Xenes (silicene, borophene, germanene, phosphorene, tellurene, etc.) have been explored, mainly distributed in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth main groups. The current methods to prepare monolayers or few-layer 2D materials include epitaxy growth, mechanical exfoliation, and liquid phase exfoliation. Although two Xenes (aluminene and indiene) have not been synthesized due to the limitations of synthetic methods and the stability of Xenes, other Xenes have been successfully created via elaborate artificial design and synthesis. Focusing on elemental 2D materials, this review mainly summarizes the recently reported work about tuning the electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Xenes via surface modifications, achieved using controllable approaches (doping, adsorption, strain, intercalation, phase transition, etc.) to broaden their applications in various fields, including spintronics, electronics, optoelectronics, superconducting, photovoltaics, sensors, catalysis, and biomedicines. These advances in the surface modification of Xenes have laid a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of 2D materials and their practical applications in diverse fields.
石墨烯的出现开启了二维（2D）材料的研究，二维材料被认为是革命性的材料。由于其独特的几何结构，石墨烯表现出一系列奇异的物理和化学性质。此外，基于单元素的 2D 材料（Xenes）引起了极大的兴趣。目前，已经探索了 16 种 Xenes（硅烯、硼烯、锗烯、磷烯、碲烯等），主要分布在第三、第四、第五和第六主族。目前制备单层或少层 2D 材料的方法包括外延生长、机械剥离和液相剥离。尽管由于合成方法的限制和 Xenes 的稳定性，两种 Xenes（铝烯和茚烯）尚未合成，但通过精心的人工设计和合成，其他 Xenes 已成功创建。本文主要关注元素 2D 材料，综述了通过表面修饰来调控 Xenes 的电子、光学、机械和化学性质的最新研究工作，这些修饰是通过可控的方法（掺杂、吸附、应变、插层、相变等）实现的，从而拓宽了它们在自旋电子学、电子学、光电学、超导、光伏、传感器、催化和生物医学等各个领域的应用。这些 Xenes 表面修饰的进展为二维材料的发展及其在各个领域的实际应用奠定了理论和实验基础。
