Department of Psychology and the Learning Research Institute, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2023 Dec;76(12):2665-2679. doi: 10.1177/17470218231152361. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
Base rate reasoning as assessed on Base rate neglect (BRN) Tasks has been studied extensively, with a sizable body of findings indicating that both logical (base rate) and belief-based (case description) processing contribute to responses on the task. Various task conditions have been found to influence which type of processing controls responding. The present study compares two instructional sets, one which requires responding in terms of the base rate information and one which requires responding in accordance with the case description. This manipulation allows for a distinction between explicit processing (set-consistent) and implicit processing (set-inconsistent and potentially interfering). We also manipulated the extremity of the base rates employed in the task and the extremity of the stereotypes contained in the case description. We argue that extremity effects should be present in implicit, but not explicit, processing, suggesting that these effects are the result of limitations in the control of set-inconsistent processing. The results generally supported the predictions. In addition, a proclivity for analytical thinking, as measured by actively open-minded thinking (AOT), was associated with less interference of belief-based processing on logical responding, but greater interference of logical processing on belief-based responding.
基率忽略（BRN）任务上的基率推理已被广泛研究，大量研究结果表明，逻辑（基率）和基于信念（案例描述）的处理都会影响任务的反应。各种任务条件已被发现会影响哪种类型的处理控制反应。本研究比较了两种指导语，一种要求根据基率信息进行反应，另一种要求根据案例描述进行反应。这种操作可以区分显式处理（与指导语一致）和隐式处理（与指导语不一致，且可能存在干扰）。我们还操纵了任务中基率的极端程度和案例描述中刻板印象的极端程度。我们认为，极端效应应该出现在隐式处理中，而不是显式处理中，这表明这些效应是由于不一致处理的控制受限所致。结果总体上支持了预测。此外，积极开放思维（AOT）测量的分析思维倾向与基于信念的处理对逻辑反应的干扰较小，而逻辑处理对基于信念的反应的干扰较大有关。
