Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
Psychol Health. 2023 Jun;38(6):701-725. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2146112. Epub 2023 Jan 9.
Sun protection behavior can reduce skin cancer risk. This paper provides an overview of skin cancer risk and the complex behavioral options for sun protection, along with a narrative review of research on determinants of, and interventions to promote, sun protection. Gaps and opportunities for future research are also outlined. Evidence supports the effectiveness of sunscreen use, ultraviolet (UV) protection clothing, and shade seeking. However, these behaviors are complex and are often performed in ways that are inadequate for sun protection. Most research examining and targeting determinants of sun protection behavior has focused on sunscreen use, to the exclusion of other strategies, and has largely ignored the complexity of even sunscreen use. Most research and interventions are theory- driven, drawing on social cognitive constructs, but also considering self and social identity and emotion. Multilevel perspectives considering context, environment, policies, and other structural contexts have also been applied to sun protection behavior, but there is a need to combine psychological constructs with factors at other levels to optimize predictive models and intervention effectiveness. Effective sun protection effectively involves complex behaviors and perceived and actual tradeoffs that should be considered, in combination with multilevel determinants, in research predicting and promoting sun safety.
防晒行为可以降低皮肤癌风险。本文概述了皮肤癌风险和防晒的复杂行为选择，并对防晒行为的决定因素及其促进措施进行了叙述性综述。还概述了未来研究的差距和机会。有证据表明防晒霜的使用、紫外线（UV）防护服和遮阳是有效的。然而，这些行为很复杂，而且通常不能有效地进行防晒。大多数研究检查和针对防晒行为的决定因素的研究都集中在防晒霜的使用上，而排除了其他策略，并且基本上忽略了即使是防晒霜使用的复杂性。大多数研究和干预措施都是基于理论的，借鉴了社会认知结构，但也考虑了自我和社会认同以及情感。多层面的视角考虑了环境、政策和其他结构环境等因素也被应用于防晒行为，但需要将心理结构与其他层面的因素结合起来，以优化预测模型和干预效果。有效的防晒需要涉及复杂的行为和感知到的实际权衡，在研究预测和促进防晒安全时，应将这些行为与多层次的决定因素结合起来考虑。
