2000 年至 2018 年针对欧洲民间社会目标的蓄意大规模伤亡事件的描述性分析。

Intentional mass-casualty incidents with civil society targets in Europe a descriptive analysis for 2000 to 2018.

机构信息

Sistema Emergències Mèdiques Catalunya, España.

Área de Vigilancia Intensiva, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, España.

出版信息

Emergencias. 2022 Dec;34(6):458-464.

DOI:

PMID:36625696

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To describe the main characteristics of intentional mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) with civil society targets in Europe between 2000 and 2018.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Retrospective, descriptive analysis of intentional MCIs in Europe between 2000 and 2018 recorded in the Global Terrorism Database. We collected information on country; year; main and secondary weapons used and mainweapon subtype; numbers of attackers, victims, and points of attack; targets; and type of location.

RESULTS

A total of 469 points of attack were identified in 373 independent intentional MCIs (86% with multiple points of focus) that caused 15 066 victims (11 410 persons injured, 3656 deaths). The year with the most MCIs was 2014 (58 MCIs), and Russia saw the largest percentage (50.1%). Spain ranked third, with 8.7% of the MCIs in Europe, the highest proportion in Western Europe. Explosive devices were the weapons used most often (in 71.4%), followed by firearms (in 19.6%), and motor vehicles (in 2.6%). Vehicles, which use has been on the rise, caused the most injuries, with a median (interquartile range) of 19 (12-59) victims per intentional MCI (P = .026). The number of attackers in MCIs involving firearms correlated positively with the number of victims (r = 0.357, P = .011). The most frequent target was the civil population (in 53.1%), and public spaces and thoroughfares were the locations most often chosen (in 24.3%).

CONCLUSION

Nearly 500 intentional MCIs have occurred in Europe in this XXI century. Most involved explosives or firearms. However, motor vehicles are the most potentially harmful weapons, and their use is increasing. These data may help to improve MCI emergency response planning.

摘要

目的

描述 2000 年至 2018 年间欧洲针对民间目标的蓄意大规模伤亡事件（MCIs）的主要特征。

材料和方法

对 2000 年至 2018 年间全球恐怖主义数据库中记录的欧洲蓄意 MCI 进行回顾性描述性分析。我们收集了有关国家、年份、使用的主要和次要武器以及主要武器亚型、攻击者、受害者和攻击点数量、目标以及地点类型的信息。

结果

共确定了 373 起独立蓄意 MCI 中的 469 个攻击点（86%有多个焦点），造成 15066 名受害者（11410 人受伤，3656 人死亡）。MCI 最多的年份是 2014 年（58 起），俄罗斯的比例最高（50.1%）。西班牙排名第三，在欧洲的 MCI 中占 8.7%，是西欧比例最高的国家。爆炸装置是最常用的武器（占 71.4%），其次是枪支（占 19.6%）和机动车辆（占 2.6%）。使用率不断上升的车辆造成的伤害最多，每起蓄意 MCI 的中位数（四分位距）为 19（12-59）名受害者（P =.026）。涉及枪支的 MCI 中的攻击者人数与受害者人数呈正相关（r = 0.357，P =.011）。最常见的目标是平民（占 53.1%），公共空间和通道是最常选择的地点（占 24.3%）。