Landsem Terje L, Yoccoz Nigel G, Layton-Matthews Kate, Hilde Christoffer H, Harris Michael P, Wanless Sarah, Daunt Francis, Reiertsen Tone K, Erikstad Kjell E, Anker-Nilssen Tycho
Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Tromsø, Norway.
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway.
J Anim Ecol. 2023 Mar;92(3):774-785. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13884. Epub 2023 Feb 15.
Actuarial senescence, the decline of survival with age, is well documented in the wild. Rates of senescence vary widely between taxa, to some extent also between sexes, with the fastest life histories showing the highest rates of senescence. Few studies have investigated differences in senescence among populations of the same species, although such variation is expected from population-level differences in environmental conditions, leading to differences in vital rates and thus life histories. We predict that, within species, populations differing in productivity (suggesting different paces of life) should experience different rates of senescence, but with little or no sexual difference in senescence within populations of monogamous, monomorphic species where the sexes share breeding duties. We compared rates of actuarial senescence among three contrasting populations of the Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica. The dataset comprised 31 years (1990-2020) of parallel capture-mark-recapture data from three breeding colonies, Isle of May (North Sea), Røst (Norwegian Sea) and Hornøya (Barents Sea), showing contrasting productivities (i.e. annual breeding success) and population trends. We used time elapsed since first capture as a proxy for bird age, and productivity and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation Index (wNAO) as proxies for the environmental conditions experienced by the populations within and outside the breeding season, respectively. In accordance with our predictions, we found that senescence rates differed among the study populations, with no evidence for sexual differences. There was no evidence for an effect of wNAO, but the population with the lowest productivity, Røst, showed the lowest rate of senescence. As a consequence, the negative effect of senescence on the population growth rate (λ) was up to 3-5 times smaller on Røst (Δλ = -0.009) than on the two other colonies. Our findings suggest that environmentally induced differences in senescence rates among populations of a species should be accounted for when predicting effects of climate variation and change on species persistence. There is thus a need for more detailed information on how both actuarial and reproductive senescence influence vital rates of populations of the same species, calling for large-scale comparative studies.
保险精算衰老，即生存率随年龄下降，在野外有充分的记录。衰老速率在不同分类群之间差异很大，在一定程度上在性别之间也存在差异，最快的生活史表现出最高的衰老速率。很少有研究调查同一物种不同种群之间的衰老差异，尽管预计这种差异会因环境条件的种群水平差异而产生，从而导致生命率差异，进而导致生活史差异。我们预测，在物种内部，生产力不同（表明生活节奏不同）的种群应该经历不同的衰老速率，但在一夫一妻制、单态性物种的种群中，由于两性分担繁殖职责，衰老的性别差异很小或没有。我们比较了大西洋海雀（Fratercula arctica）三个不同种群之间的保险精算衰老速率。数据集包括来自三个繁殖地——五月岛（北海）、罗斯特（挪威海）和霍恩岛（巴伦支海）——的31年（1990 - 2020年）平行标记重捕数据，这些繁殖地表现出不同的生产力（即年度繁殖成功率）和种群趋势。我们将首次捕获后经过的时间用作鸟类年龄的代理指标，将生产力和冬季北大西洋涛动指数（wNAO）分别用作繁殖季节内外种群所经历环境条件的代理指标。与我们的预测一致，我们发现研究种群之间的衰老速率不同，没有性别差异的证据。没有证据表明wNAO有影响，但生产力最低的罗斯特种群显示出最低的衰老速率。因此，衰老对种群增长率（λ）的负面影响在罗斯特种群（Δλ = -0.009）上比在其他两个繁殖地小3至5倍。我们的研究结果表明，在预测气候变化对物种持久性的影响时，应考虑物种不同种群之间由环境引起的衰老速率差异。因此，需要更多关于保险精算衰老和生殖衰老如何影响同一物种种群生命率的详细信息，这需要大规模的比较研究。
