Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Chem. 2023 Apr;15(4):498-507. doi: 10.1038/s41557-022-01119-4. Epub 2023 Jan 12.
Although they offer great potentials, the high reactivity and diverse pathways of radical chemistry pose difficult problems for applications in organic synthesis. In addition to the differentiation of multiple competing pathways, the control of various selectivities in radical reactions presents both formidable challenges and great opportunities. To regulate chemoselectivity and regioselectivity, as well as diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity, calls for the formulation of conceptually new approaches and fundamentally different governing principles. Here we show that Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis enables the radical chemoselective intermolecular amination of allylic C-H bonds through the employment of modularly designed D-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins with a tunable pocket-like environment as the supporting ligand. The reaction exhibits a remarkable convergence of regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity in a single catalytic operation. In addition to demonstrating the unique opportunities of metalloradical catalysis in controlling homolytic radical reactions, the Co(II)-catalysed convergent C-H amination offers a route to synthesize valuable chiral α-tertiary amines directly from an isomeric mixture of alkenes.
尽管自由基化学具有巨大的潜力,但由于其高度反应性和多样的反应途径,在有机合成中的应用仍面临着诸多难题。除了多种竞争途径的区分外,自由基反应中各种选择性的控制既带来了巨大的挑战,也带来了难得的机遇。为了调节化学选择性、区域选择性、非对映选择性和对映选择性,需要制定全新的概念和完全不同的控制原则。在这里,我们展示了基于 Co(II) 的金属自由基催化可以通过使用具有可调口袋状环境的模块化设计的 D-对称手性酰胺卟啉作为支撑配体,实现自由基化学选择性的烯丙基 C-H 键间氨化反应。该反应在单个催化操作中表现出显著的区域选择性、非对映选择性和对映选择性的收敛性。除了证明金属自由基催化在控制均裂自由基反应方面的独特机遇外,Co(II)催化的收敛性 C-H 氨化反应为直接从烯烃的混合物中合成有价值的手性α-叔胺提供了一种途径。