Economics and Planning Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi 110016, India.
Laxmi Mittal and Family South Asia Institute, Harvard University, 110001, New Delhi, India.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2024 Apr;54(4):1594-1604. doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05849-9. Epub 2023 Jan 13.
Intellectual disability in India is substantially under-reported, especially amongst females. This study quantifies the prevalence and gender bias in household reporting of intellectual disability by estimating the age-and-gender specific prevalence of the intellectually disabled by education, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) score, place of residence, (rural/urban) and income of household head. We estimated prevalence (per 100,000) at 179 (95% CI: 173 to 185) for males and 120 (95% CI: 115 to 125) for females. Gender differences declined sharply with increased education, was higher for lower ages and low income and varied little by state development. Under-identification and under-reporting due to stigma are two plausible reasons for the gender differences in prevalence that increase with age.
印度的智力残疾报告严重不足，尤其是女性。本研究通过估计按教育、社会人口指数 (SDI) 得分、居住地（农村/城市）和家庭户主收入划分的智力残疾者的年龄和性别特异性流行率，量化了家庭报告智力残疾的流行率和性别偏见。我们估计男性的患病率（每 100,000 人）为 179（95%CI：173 至 185），女性为 120（95%CI：115 至 125）。性别差异随着教育程度的提高而急剧下降，在低年龄和低收入人群中更高，且各州发展水平差异不大。由于污名化导致的识别不足和漏报是导致患病率随年龄增长而增加的性别差异的两个合理原因。
