Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2021 Apr;14(2):101023. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.101023. Epub 2020 Nov 15.
Children with intellectual disability (ID), characterized by impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, benefit from early identification and access to services. Previous U.S. estimates used administrative data or parent report with limited information for demographic subgroups.
Using empiric measures we examined ID characteristics among 8-year-old children and estimated prevalence by sex, race/ethnicity, geographic area and socioeconomic status (SES) area indicators.
We analyzed data for 8-year-old children in 9 geographic areas participating in the 2014 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Children with ID were identified through record review of IQ test data. Census and American Community Survey data were used to estimate the denominator.
Overall, 11.8 per 1,000 (1.2%) had ID (IQ ≤ 70), of whom 39% (n = 998) also had autism spectrum disorder. Among children with ID, 1,823 had adaptive behavior test scores for which 64% were characterized as impaired. ID prevalence per 1,000 was 15.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 15.0-16.5) among males and 7.7 (95% CI, 7.2-8.2) among females. ID prevalence was 17.7 (95% CI, 16.6-18.9) among children who were non-Hispanic black; 12.0 (95% CI, 11.1-13.0), among Hispanic; 8.6 (95% CI, 7.1-10.4), among non-Hispanic Asian; and 8.0 (95% CI, 7.5-8.6), among non-Hispanic white. Prevalence varied across geographic areas and was inversely associated with SES.
ID prevalence varied substantively among racial, ethnic, geographic, and SES groups. Results can inform strategies to enhance identification and improve access to services particularly for children who are minorities or living in areas with lower SES.
智力障碍（ID）儿童的特点是智力功能和适应行为受损，他们受益于早期识别和获得服务。以前美国的估计使用行政数据或父母报告，其数据对于人口统计学亚组来说信息有限。
使用经验性测量方法，我们检查了 8 岁儿童的 ID 特征，并根据性别、种族/族裔、地理位置和社会经济地位（SES）区域指标估计了患病率。
我们分析了参加 2014 年自闭症和发育障碍监测网络的 9 个地理区域的 8 岁儿童的数据。通过对智商测试数据的记录审查，确定 ID 儿童。使用人口普查和美国社区调查数据来估计分母。
总体而言，每 1000 名儿童中有 11.8 名（1.2%）患有 ID（智商≤70），其中 39%（n=998）还患有自闭症谱系障碍。在患有 ID 的儿童中，有 1823 名儿童进行了适应性行为测试，其中 64%被认为存在障碍。每 1000 名儿童中，男性 ID 患病率为 15.8（95%置信区间[95%CI]，15.0-16.5），女性为 7.7（95%CI，7.2-8.2）。非西班牙裔黑人儿童的 ID 患病率为 17.7（95%CI，16.6-18.9）；西班牙裔为 12.0（95%CI，11.1-13.0）；非西班牙裔亚裔为 8.6（95%CI，7.1-10.4）；非西班牙裔白人为 8.0（95%CI，7.5-8.6）。患病率在种族、族裔、地理位置和 SES 群体之间存在实质性差异。
ID 患病率在种族、族裔、地理位置和 SES 群体之间存在显著差异。结果可以为加强识别和改善服务提供信息，特别是为少数族裔或生活在 SES 较低地区的儿童提供服务。
