College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China.
College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Apr 1;867:161574. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161574. Epub 2023 Jan 12.
Cadmium (Cd) exposure poses a substantial risk to human health. Despite this, the multi-stage process through which Cd is released to the environment before being taken up and impacting human receptors has rarely been investigated. Here we utilized an integrated model involving Cd emissions, atmospheric transport, deposition, uptake by rice, receptor ingestion and metabolic processing in quantifying the critical emission sources and human health risks of Cd. Atmospheric Cd emissions in the study area in southeastern China were estimated at 147 kg (2016), with >53 % of emissions from non-ferrous metals (NFM) smelting activities. Atmospheric Cd depositions caused elevated Cd content in soil and rice, accounting for 3-79 % and 50-85 % of, respectively, soil and rice Cd. Cumulative frequency analysis showed that an estimated 1.3 % of predicted urine Cd through the consumption of Cd-contaminated rice and exceeded existing safety standards (1 μg g), thus highlighting the risks posed to health from high levels of Cd pollution. Applying stricter industrial emission standards to the NFM sector in particular and effective soil management practices could substantially reduce exposure to Cd pollution. The results contribute to understanding of the Cd transfer process and draw attention to the relative health benefits of interventions aimed at mitigating Cd levels and exposure risks at different stages along the Cd transfer continuum from source to receptor.
镉（Cd）暴露对人类健康构成重大风险。尽管如此，镉被释放到环境中，然后被人体吸收并影响人体受体的多阶段过程很少被研究。在这里，我们利用一个综合模型，包括镉排放、大气传输、沉积、水稻吸收、受体摄入和代谢处理，来量化镉的关键排放源和人类健康风险。研究区域大气 Cd 排放量估计为 147 千克（2016 年），其中超过 53%来自有色金属（NFM）冶炼活动。大气 Cd 沉积导致土壤和水稻中 Cd 含量升高，分别占土壤和水稻 Cd 的 3-79%和 50-85%。累积频率分析表明，通过食用 Cd 污染的水稻，预计会有 1.3%的尿 Cd 超过现有安全标准（1μg g），从而突出了高浓度 Cd 污染对健康构成的风险。特别是对 NFM 行业实施更严格的工业排放标准和有效的土壤管理措施，可以大大降低 Cd 污染的暴露风险。研究结果有助于了解 Cd 迁移过程，并引起人们对旨在减轻 Cd 水平和暴露风险的干预措施的相对健康益处的关注，这些干预措施针对 Cd 从源到受体的迁移连续体的不同阶段。
