Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China.
Public Geological Survey Management Center in Anhui Province, Hefei 230091, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;19(15):9669. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159669.
Understanding the extent of contamination, sources and various carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with different heavy metals in soil-crop systems is crucial for the prevention of heavy metal pollution. A survey was undertaken to determine heavy metal concentrations and degree of pollution in soil-crop systems (rice, wheat, and corn) using various indices such as pollution factor (), geo-accumulation index (), enrichment coefficients and transfer coefficient, and to determine the source of heavy metals pollution in the Wanjiang Economic Zone, Anhui Province, China. A total of 308 pairs of soil-crop samples were collected in this study, comprising 245 pairs of soil-rice samples, 53 pairs of soil-wheat samples, and 10 pairs of soil-corn samples. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) in the soil of the study area exceeded the national limitation of heavy metals in the soil of China (GB 15618-2018, ). The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were also above the national limits to a lesser extent. All eight heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb Zn, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg)) exceeded the background values in the study area. The enrichment coefficients of rice, wheat and maize to Cd, Cu and Zn were higher than those to other elements. On the basis of , it can be indicated that the rhizosphere soil of rice was slightly polluted by Cd and Hg, while the concentrations of the other heavy metals were below the safety limits. The and pollution load index () indicated that the soil in the study area was heavily contaminated with heavy metals. A principal component analysis identified different sources of soil heavy metal pollution, that is, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd from industrial sources, Cr and Ni from natural sources, and As and Hg from agricultural sources. The carcinogenic risk of heavy metals was related to the intake of crops. Residents in the study area ingest rice, wheat, and corn on a daily basis. On the basis this study, it is suggested that local governments should pay attention to the carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in rice.
了解土壤-作物系统中不同重金属的污染程度、来源以及各种致癌和非致癌风险，对于预防重金属污染至关重要。本研究采用污染因子（）、地积累指数（）、富集系数和迁移系数等多种指标，对安徽省皖江经济区土壤-作物系统（水稻、小麦和玉米）中的重金属浓度和污染程度进行了调查，以确定该地区重金属污染的来源。共采集了 308 对土壤-作物样品，其中包括 245 对土壤-水稻样品、53 对土壤-小麦样品和 10 对土壤-玉米样品。研究区土壤中镉（Cd）和镍（Ni）的浓度超过了中国土壤重金属国家限量（GB 15618-2018，）。铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）和铅（Pb）的浓度也有不同程度的超标。研究区所有 8 种重金属（Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、砷（As）、铬（Cr）和汞（Hg））均超过背景值。水稻、小麦和玉米对 Cd、Cu 和 Zn 的富集系数高于其他元素。基于 ，可以表明水稻根际土壤受到 Cd 和 Hg 的轻微污染，而其他重金属的浓度低于安全限值。潜在生态危害指数（）和污染负荷指数（）表明研究区土壤受到重金属的重度污染。主成分分析确定了土壤重金属污染的不同来源，即工业源的 Cu、Pb、Zn 和 Cd，自然源的 Cr 和 Ni，以及农业源的 As 和 Hg。重金属的致癌风险与作物的摄入有关。研究区居民每天都会摄入水稻、小麦和玉米。基于本研究，建议地方政府关注大米中重金属的致癌风险。
