Menon Vikas, Sharma Swati, Gupta Shreya, Ghosal Anujit, Nadda Ashok Kumar, Jose Rajan, Sharma Pooja, Kumar Sunil, Singh Pardeep, Raizada Pankaj
University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh College of Technology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, 140307, Punjab, India.
University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
Chemosphere. 2023 Mar;317:137848. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137848. Epub 2023 Jan 12.
Synthetic plastics, which are lightweight, durable, elastic, mouldable, cheap, and hydrophobic, were originally invented for human convenience. However, their non-biodegradability and continuous accumulation at an alarming rate as well as subsequent conversion into micro/nano plastic scale structures via mechanical and physio-chemical degradation pose significant threats to living beings, organisms, and the environment. Various minuscule forms of plastics detected in water, soil, and air are making their passage into living cells. High temperature and ambient humidity increase the degradation potential of plastic polymers photo-catalytically under sunlight or UV-B radiations. Microplastics (MPs) of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride have been detected in bottled water. These microplastics are entering into the food chain cycle, causing serious harm to all living organisms. MPs entering into the food chain are usually inert in nature, possessing different sizes and shapes. Once they enter a cell or tissue, it causes mechanical damage, induces inflammation, disturbs metabolism, and even lead to necrosis. Various generation routes, types, impacts, identification, and treatment of microplastics entering the water bodies and getting associated with various pollutants are discussed in this review. It emphasizes potential detection techniques like pyrolysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR) spectroscopy for microplastics from water samples.
合成塑料质轻、耐用、有弹性、可模塑、价格低廉且疏水，最初是为方便人类而发明的。然而，它们不可生物降解，且以惊人的速度持续积累，随后通过机械和物理化学降解转化为微/纳米塑料尺度结构，这对生物、生物体和环境构成了重大威胁。在水、土壤和空气中检测到的各种微小形式的塑料正在进入活细胞。高温和环境湿度会增加塑料聚合物在阳光或UV - B辐射下的光催化降解潜力。在瓶装水中已检测到聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯和聚氯乙烯的微塑料。这些微塑料正在进入食物链循环，对所有生物造成严重危害。进入食物链的微塑料通常性质惰性，具有不同的尺寸和形状。一旦它们进入细胞或组织，就会造成机械损伤、引发炎症、扰乱新陈代谢，甚至导致坏死。本文综述了进入水体并与各种污染物相关联的微塑料的各种生成途径、类型、影响、识别和处理方法。它强调了诸如热解、气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）、显微拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT IR）光谱等用于从水样中检测微塑料的潜在技术。
