Saud Bhuvan, Khatri Gita, Amatya Neetu, Paudel Govinda, Shrestha Vikram
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Janamaitri Foundation Institute of Health Sciences, GPO Box 8322, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2023 Jan 4;2023:8424486. doi: 10.1155/2023/8424486. eCollection 2023.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. It has been portrayed as a slow tsunami. Multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance exacerbate the already-existing AMR problem. The aim of the study was to access the colonization of methicillin-resistant and biofilm-producing among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students (MSs). A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 352 participants (176 were HCWs and 176 were MSs) were enrolled from different hospitals and medical colleges in Kathmandu, Nepal. Nasal cavity swab samples were collected and inoculated on Mannitol salt agar at standard in-vitro environmental conditions. Isolates were identified based on colony characteristics, staining properties, and biochemical tests. Identified isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production. Out of 352 participants, 65.3% were carriers; among the carriers, 52.2% were HCWs and 47.8% were MSs. Of the total isolates, 47.4% isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 73.9% isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among MDR isolates, out of 109 MRSA isolates, 86.2% were MDR and out of 121 MSSA isolates, 62.8% were MDR where isolates were mainly resistant to erythromycin. In addition, 68.7% isolates were biofilm-forming; the results were similar in both MRSA and MSSA. Variables such as profession and educational level showed statistical significance ( < 0.05) with MRSA, MSSA, and biofilm producers. In conclusion, asymptomatic colonization of healthcare workers by drug-resistant is increasing at alarming rates. This reflects the lack of proper hygiene practice as well as improper disinfection of workplace of study population.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是一个全球威胁。它被描述为一场缓慢的海啸。多重耐药和广泛耐药加剧了原本就存在的AMR问题。该研究的目的是评估医护人员（HCWs）和医学生（MSs）中耐甲氧西林和产生物膜的定植情况。设计了一项横断面研究。总共352名参与者（176名是医护人员，176名是医学生）从尼泊尔加德满都的不同医院和医学院招募。收集鼻腔拭子样本，并在标准体外环境条件下接种于甘露醇盐琼脂上。根据菌落特征、染色特性和生化试验鉴定分离株。对鉴定出的分离株进行抗生素敏感性和生物膜产生测试。在352名参与者中，65.3%是携带者；在携带者中，52.2%是医护人员，47.8%是医学生。在所有分离株中，47.4%的分离株是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），73.9%的分离株是多重耐药（MDR）。在MDR分离株中，109株MRSA分离株中有86.2%是MDR，121株甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）分离株中有62.8%是MDR，其中分离株主要对红霉素耐药。此外，68.7%的分离株形成生物膜；MRSA和MSSA的结果相似。职业和教育水平等变量与MRSA、MSSA和生物膜产生菌具有统计学意义（<0.05）。总之，耐药菌在医护人员中的无症状定植正以惊人的速度增加。这反映出研究人群缺乏适当的卫生习惯以及工作场所消毒不当。
