Miszczak Marta, Korzeniowska-Kowal Agnieszka, Wzorek Anna, Prorok Paulina, Szenborn Leszek, Rypuła Krzysztof, Bierowiec Karolina
Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland.
Polish Academy of Sciences, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
J Vet Res. 2025 Jun 18;69(2):199-211. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2025-0036. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Staphylococci commonly colonise the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals, the close contact between which may promote interspecies transmission of these microorganisms and determinants of drug resistance.
Material collected from animals (n = 274) and humans (n = 261) between 2019 and 2023 was studied. Samples were swabbed from six anatomical sites of each pet: the external ear canal, conjunctival sacs, nares, oral cavity, groin skin and anus. Swabs were taken from four places of each human: the vestibule of the nasal cavity, the throat near the tonsils, and the skin behind the auricle and in the elbow bend. The pets' owners and the human participants completed a questionnaire about the study subject and the subject's living environment to elucidate risk factors associated with staphylococci colonisation.
The prevalence of was 12.42% in cats and 8.85% in dogs, while was isolated from 5.59% of cats and 58.41% of dogs. Of the people, 38.7% were carriers of and 2.68% carriers of . A total of 202 strains and 165 strains were analysed. Drug resistance was tested in disc diffusion and resistance genes were detected by PCR. The most frequent resistance of was to ampicillin (62.4%), penicillin (61.4%) and erythromycin (29.2%), while was mostly resistant to penicillin (71.5%), ampicillin (63.6%) and clindamycin and erythromycin (41.2% in both cases). Methicillin resistance was found in 4.5% of and 12.1% of isolates. The most common resistance genes were (79.7%), [M] (53.1%) and (29.7%) and the pattern was of (84.2%), [M] (53.3%) and (38.2%). Regarding risk factors, animals from non-commercial sources had 11-fold higher methicillin resistance than those from commercial breeders, dogs had 50-fold lower risk than humans, and recent antibiotic treatment also increased resistance.
Monitoring the epidemiology of strains and knowing the prevalence of resistant isolates can shape preventive programmes in both veterinary and human medicine, inform appropriate therapeutic decisions and combat the phenomenon of drug resistance.
葡萄球菌通常定植于人和动物的皮肤及黏膜，二者的密切接触可能会促进这些微生物及耐药决定因素在种间传播。
对2019年至2023年间从动物（n = 274）和人（n = 261）采集的材料进行研究。从每只宠物的六个解剖部位采集样本：外耳道、结膜囊、鼻孔、口腔、腹股沟皮肤和肛门。从每个人的四个部位采集拭子：鼻腔前庭、扁桃体附近的咽喉以及耳廓后方和肘弯处的皮肤。宠物主人和人类参与者完成了一份关于研究对象及其生活环境的问卷，以阐明与葡萄球菌定植相关的危险因素。
猫的金黄色葡萄球菌定植率为12.42%，狗为8.85%，而凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌在5.59%的猫和58.41%的狗中被分离出来。在人群中，38.7%是金黄色葡萄球菌携带者，2.68%是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌携带者。共分析了202株金黄色葡萄球菌菌株和165株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌菌株。采用纸片扩散法检测耐药性，通过PCR检测耐药基因。金黄色葡萄球菌最常见的耐药情况是对氨苄西林（62.4%）、青霉素（61.4%）和红霉素（29.2%）耐药，而凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌大多对青霉素（71.5%）、氨苄西林（63.6%）以及克林霉素和红霉素（两者均为41.2%）耐药。在4.5%的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株和12.1%的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分离株中发现了耐甲氧西林情况。金黄色葡萄球菌最常见的耐药基因是mecA（79.7%）、mecC（53.1%）和blaZ（29.7%），凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的耐药模式为mecA（84.2%）、mecC（53.3%）和blaZ（38.2%）。关于危险因素，来自非商业来源的动物耐甲氧西林的可能性比来自商业繁殖者的动物高11倍，狗的风险比人类低50倍，近期的抗生素治疗也会增加耐药性。
监测菌株的流行病学情况并了解耐药分离株的流行率，可以制定兽医和人类医学的预防方案，为适当的治疗决策提供依据，并对抗耐药现象。
