Clermont Auvergne University, UPR 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Br J Nutr. 2023 Oct 14;130(7):1190-1212. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523000132. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
While there is an increasing prevalence of dieting in the overall population, weight loss (WL) practices could be a risk factor for weight gain (WG) in normal-weight (NW) individuals. The aim of the present work was to systematically review all the studies implicating diet restriction and body weight (BW) evolution in NW people. The literature search was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021281442) and was performed in three databases from April 2021 to June 2022 for articles involving healthy NW adults. From a total of 1487 records initially identified, eighteen were selected in the systematic review. Of the eight dieting interventional studies, only one found a higher BW after weight recovery, but 75 % of them highlighted metabolic adaptations in response to WL favouring weight regain and persisting during/after BW recovery. Eight of the ten observational studies showed a relationship between dieting and major later WG, while the meta-analysis of observational studies results indicated that 'dieters' have a higher BW than 'non-dieters'. However, considering the high methodological heterogeneity and the publication bias of the studies, this result should be taken with caution. Moreover, the term 'diet' was poorly described, and we observed a large heterogeneity of the methods used to assess dieting status. Present results suggest that dieting could be a major risk factor for WG in the long term in NW individuals. There is, however, a real need for prospective randomised controlled studies, specifically assessing the relationship between WL induced by diet and subsequent weight in this population.
尽管总体人群中节食的流行率不断上升，但减肥（WL）行为可能是正常体重（NW）个体体重增加（WG）的一个风险因素。本研究的目的是系统地综述所有涉及饮食限制和 NW 人群体重变化的研究。文献检索在 PROSPERO（CRD42021281442）中进行，并于 2021 年 4 月至 2022 年 6 月在三个数据库中进行，以纳入涉及健康 NW 成年人的文章。在最初确定的 1487 条记录中，有 18 条被纳入系统综述。在 8 项节食干预研究中，只有 1 项在体重恢复后发现体重增加，但其中 75%的研究强调了代谢适应，以促进体重恢复，并在体重恢复期间/之后持续存在。10 项观察性研究中有 8 项显示节食与随后的体重显著增加有关，而观察性研究结果的荟萃分析表明，“节食者”的体重高于“非节食者”。然而，考虑到研究的方法学异质性和发表偏倚，这一结果应谨慎对待。此外，“节食”一词描述得很差，我们观察到评估节食状态的方法存在很大的异质性。目前的结果表明，节食可能是 NW 个体长期体重增加的一个主要危险因素。然而，确实需要前瞻性随机对照研究，专门评估饮食引起的 WL 与该人群随后体重增加之间的关系。
