Garza-Alonso Carlos Alberto, Juárez-Maldonado Antonio, González-Morales Susana, Cabrera-De la Fuente Marcelino, Cadenas-Pliego Gregorio, Morales-Díaz América Berenice, Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris, Tortella Gonzalo, Benavides-Mendoza Adalberto
Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Doctorado en Ciencias en Agricultura Protegida, Calzada Antonio Narro, 1923, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Departamento de Botánica, Calzada Antonio Narro, 1923, Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
Heliyon. 2023 Jan 6;9(1):e12787. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12787. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Zn is an indispensable nutrient for crops that usually presents low bioavailability. Different techniques have been proposed to improve the bioavailability of Zn, including the use of nanofertilizers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the applications of drench (D) and foliar (F) ZnO nanoparticles (NZnO) compared to those of ionic Zn (ZnSO) in lettuce. The plants cv. Great Lakes 407 was produced in pots of 4 L with perlite-peat moss (1:1) under greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of NZnO applications that replaced the total Zn provided with a Steiner solution, as follows: Zn (100%D) (control); Zn (50%D+50%F); NZnO (100%D); NZnO (50%D+50%F); NZnO (75%D); NZnO (50%D); NZnO (75%F) and NZnO (50%F). Four applications of Zn were made with a frequency of 15 days. 75 days after transplant (DAP), the fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll a, b, and β-carotene, phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, glutathione, HO, total protein, and enzymatic activity of PAL, CAT, APX, and GPX were evaluated. The mineral concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Ni, and Si) in the leaves and roots of plants were also determined. The results showed that, compared to Zn, NZnO promoted increases in biomass (14-52%), chlorophylls (32-69%), and antioxidant compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C. The activity of enzymes like CAT and APX, as well as the foliar concentration of Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Si increased with NZnO. A better response was found in the plants for most variables with foliar applications of NZnO equivalent to 50-75% of the total Zn applied conventionally. These results demonstrate that total replacement of Zn with NZnO is possible, promoting fertilizer efficiency and the nutraceutical quality of lettuce.
锌是作物不可或缺的养分，但其生物有效性通常较低。人们提出了不同技术来提高锌的生物有效性，包括使用纳米肥料。本研究的目的是评估与离子态锌（硫酸锌）相比，浇灌（D）和叶面喷施（F）氧化锌纳米颗粒（NZnO）在生菜中的应用效果。选用“大湖407”品种的植株，在温室条件下种植于装有珍珠岩 - 泥炭藓（1:1）的4升花盆中。处理方式包括用NZnO替代施泰纳溶液提供的全部锌，具体如下：锌（100%D）（对照）；锌（50%D + 50%F）；NZnO（100%D）；NZnO（50%D + 50%F）；NZnO（75%D）；NZnO（50%D）；NZnO（75%F）和NZnO（50%F）。锌分四次施用，频率为每15天一次。移栽后75天（DAP），评估了鲜重和干重生物量、叶绿素a、b和β - 胡萝卜素、酚类、黄酮类、抗氧化能力、维生素C、谷胱甘肽、过氧化氢、总蛋白以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）的酶活性。还测定了植株叶片和根系中的矿物质浓度（氮、磷、钾、钙镁、硫、铜、铁、锰、钼、锌、镍和硅）。结果表明，与硫酸锌相比，NZnO使生物量增加（14 - 52%）、叶绿素增加（32 - 69%），并使酚类、黄酮类和维生素C等抗氧化化合物增加。施用NZnO后，CAT和APX等酶的活性以及叶片中钙、镁、硫、铁、锰、锌和硅的浓度均有所增加。对于大多数变量，叶面喷施相当于常规施用总锌量50 - 75%的NZnO时，植株反应更佳。这些结果表明，用NZnO完全替代锌是可行的，可提高肥料效率和生菜的营养品质。
