Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430074, China.
Nanoscale. 2023 Feb 2;15(5):2018-2035. doi: 10.1039/d2nr05821a.
Ordered assemblies of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown tremendous potential for wide applications due to their unique collective properties, which differ from those of individual NPs. Various assembly methods, such as external field-directed assembly, interfacial assembly, template assembly, biomolecular recognition-mediated assembly, confined assembly, and others, have been employed to generate ordered inorganic NP assemblies with hierarchical structures. Among them, the external field-directed assembly method is particularly fascinating, as it can remotely assemble NPs into well-ordered superstructures. Moreover, external fields (, electric, magnetic, and shear fields) can introduce a local and/or global field intensity gradient, resulting in an additional force on NPs to drive their rotation and/or translation. Therefore, the external field-directed assembly of NPs becomes a robust method to fabricate well-defined functional materials with the desired optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, which have various applications in catalysis, sensing, disease diagnosis, energy conversion/storage, photonics, nano-floating-gate memory, and others. In this review, the effects of an electric field, magnetic field, and shear field on the organization of inorganic NPs are highlighted. The methods for controlling the well-ordered organization of inorganic NPs at different scales and their advantages are reviewed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in this field are discussed.
有序的无机纳米粒子 (NP) 组装体由于其独特的集体性质而显示出巨大的应用潜力，这些性质与单个 NPs 的性质不同。已经采用了各种组装方法，例如外场导向组装、界面组装、模板组装、生物分子识别介导组装、受限组装等，以生成具有分级结构的有序无机 NP 组装体。其中，外场导向组装方法特别吸引人，因为它可以远程将 NPs 组装成有序的超结构。此外，外场（电场、磁场和剪切场）可以引入局部和/或全局场强度梯度，从而对 NPs 施加额外的力，使其旋转和/或平移。因此，NP 的外场导向组装成为一种制备具有所需光学、电子和磁性能的明确定义的功能材料的强大方法，这些材料在催化、传感、疾病诊断、能量转换/存储、光子学、纳米浮栅存储器等方面具有广泛的应用。在这篇综述中，强调了电场、磁场和剪切场对无机 NP 组织的影响。综述了控制不同尺度下无机 NP 有序组织的方法及其优点。最后，讨论了该领域的未来挑战和展望。
