Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 17;13(1):876. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27439-0.
Anopheles stephensi, an invasive malaria vector native to South Asia and the Arabian Peninsula, was detected in Djibouti's seaport, followed by Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, and Nigeria. If An. stephensi introduction is facilitated through seatrade, similar to other invasive mosquitoes, the identification of at-risk countries are needed to increase surveillance and response efforts. Bilateral maritime trade data is used to (1) identify coastal African countries which were highly connected to select An. stephensi endemic countries, (2) develop a prioritization list of countries based on the likelihood of An. stephensi introduction through maritime trade index (LASIMTI), and (3) use network analysis of intracontinental maritime trade to determine likely introduction pathways. Sudan and Djibouti were ranked as the top two countries with LASIMTI in 2011, which were the first two coastal African countries where An. stephensi was detected. With Djibouti and Sudan included as source populations, 2020 data identify Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania, and Morocco as the top countries with LASIMTI. Network analysis highlight South Africa, Mauritius, Ghana, and Togo. These tools can prioritize efforts for An. stephensi surveillance and control in Africa. Surveillance in seaports of identified countries may limit further expansion of An. stephensi by serving as an early warning system.
按蚊斯蒂芬斯，一种原产于南亚和阿拉伯半岛的入侵性疟疾媒介，已在吉布提的海港被发现，随后在埃塞俄比亚、苏丹、索马里和尼日利亚也有发现。如果按蚊斯蒂芬斯通过海上贸易像其他入侵性蚊子一样被引入，就需要识别高风险国家，以加强监测和应对工作。双边海上贸易数据用于：（1）确定与选择的按蚊斯蒂芬斯流行国家高度关联的非洲沿海国家；（2）根据通过海上贸易指数（LASIMTI）引入按蚊斯蒂芬斯的可能性制定国家优先排序清单；（3）使用大陆内海上贸易的网络分析来确定可能的引入途径。苏丹和吉布提在 2011 年的 LASIMTI 排名中位列前两名，这是按蚊斯蒂芬斯首次被发现的两个非洲沿海国家。有了吉布提和苏丹作为源种群，2020 年的数据确定埃及、肯尼亚、毛里求斯、坦桑尼亚和摩洛哥是 LASIMTI 排名最高的国家。网络分析突出了南非、毛里求斯、加纳和多哥。这些工具可以优先考虑在非洲对按蚊斯蒂芬斯进行监测和控制。在已确定的国家的海港进行监测，可以作为预警系统，限制按蚊斯蒂芬斯的进一步扩张。
