不同居住类型和性别群体中年龄与孤独感的关系：来自中国的证据。
Association between age and loneliness in different residential type and gender groups: evidence from China.
机构信息
Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, No. 59, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
School of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jan 17;23(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04525-1.
BACKGROUND
Age has been identified as a prominent predictor of loneliness, although the findings about the relationship between age and loneliness are inconclusive. This study examines the relationship between age and loneliness in the context of China, with a focus on residential and gender differences.
METHODS
Data were from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2017. A total of 3899 respondents were included. Loneliness was measured using a three-item Short Loneliness Scale. Age, squared terms of age, residential type, gender, and other socio-demographic characteristics were included in the study. Regression analyses were conducted among the total sample and subgroups of different gender and residential type subgroups, to investigate the association between age and loneliness.
RESULTS
There is a reverse U-shaped tendency between age and loneliness that peaks at the age of 47. This tendency is true of the male subgroup, that peaks at the age of 55, while the female respondents do not share that tendency. The inverted U-shaped distribution holds true for urban but not for rural residents. The female respondents reported a higher level of loneliness than the male. The rural respondents reported higher loneliness than their counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that an inverted U-shaped tendency between age and loneliness existed for the entire group, and the male and urban subgroups. Implications for service and practice are proposed based on the empirical findings.
背景
年龄被认为是孤独的一个重要预测因素，尽管关于年龄与孤独之间关系的研究结果并不一致。本研究在中国背景下考察了年龄与孤独之间的关系，重点关注居住和性别差异。
方法
数据来自 2017 年中国综合社会调查（CGSS）。共纳入 3899 名受访者。孤独感采用三个项目的短孤独量表进行测量。研究中包括年龄、年龄平方项、居住类型、性别和其他社会人口特征。在总样本和不同性别和居住类型亚组中进行回归分析，以探讨年龄与孤独感之间的关系。
结果
年龄与孤独感之间存在倒 U 型关系，在 47 岁时达到峰值。这种趋势在男性亚组中表现为 55 岁时达到峰值，而女性则没有这种趋势。这种倒 U 型分布在城市居民中成立，但在农村居民中不成立。女性受访者报告的孤独感高于男性。农村受访者的孤独感高于其城市 counterparts。
结论
本研究表明，年龄与孤独感之间存在倒 U 型关系，这一关系在整个群体以及男性和城市亚组中都成立。基于实证发现，提出了服务和实践的建议。
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