Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America.
Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton 11973, United States of America.
Nanotechnology. 2023 Feb 10;34(17). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb441.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the state-of-the-art photovoltaic technologies due to their facile solution-based fabrication processes combined with extremely high photovoltaic performance originating from excellent optoelectronic properties such as strong light absorption, high charge mobility, long free charge carrier diffusion length, and tunable direct bandgap. However, the poor intrinsic stability of hybrid perovskites under environmental stresses including light, heat, and moisture, which is often associated with high defect density in the perovskite, has limited the large-scale commercialization and deployment of PSCs. The use of process additives, which can be included in various subcomponent layers in the PSC, has been identified as one of the effective approaches that can address these issues and improve the photovoltaic performance. Among various additives that have been explored, two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged recently due to their unique structures and properties that can enhance the photovoltaic performance and device stability by improving perovskite crystallization, defect passivation, and charge transport. Here, we provide a review of the recent progresses in 2D material additives for improving the PSC performance based on key representative 2D material systems, including graphene and its derivatives, transitional metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorous, providing a useful guideline for further exploiting unique nanomaterial additives for more efficient and stable PSCs in the near future.
钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）因其易于制备的溶液处理工艺以及优异的光电性能而成为最先进的光伏技术之一，这些光电性能源于强吸光性、高电荷迁移率、长自由载流子扩散长度和可调谐直接带隙等优点。然而，钙钛矿在环境应力（包括光、热和湿度）下的固有稳定性较差，这通常与钙钛矿中的高缺陷密度有关，这限制了 PSCs 的大规模商业化和部署。使用工艺添加剂可以解决这些问题并提高光伏性能，这些添加剂可以包含在 PSC 的各种子组件层中。在已经探索的各种添加剂中，二维（2D）材料由于其独特的结构和性质而受到关注，它们可以通过改善钙钛矿结晶、缺陷钝化和电荷输运来提高光伏性能和器件稳定性。在这里，我们提供了一份基于关键代表性 2D 材料系统（包括石墨烯及其衍生物、过渡金属二卤化物和黑磷）的 2D 材料添加剂在提高 PSC 性能方面的最新进展综述，为在不久的将来进一步开发用于更高效和稳定 PSCs 的独特纳米材料添加剂提供了有用的指导。
