School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2019 Sep 16;48(18):4854-4891. doi: 10.1039/c9cs00254e.
Perovskites have been firmly established as one of the most promising materials for third-generation solar cells. There remain several great and lingering challenges to be addressed regarding device efficiency and stability. The photovoltaic efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) depends drastically on the charge-carrier dynamics. This complex process includes charge-carrier generation, extraction, transport and collection, each of which needs to be modulated in a favorable manner to achieve high performance. Two-dimensional materials (TDMs) including graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2, WS2), black phosphorus (BP), metal nanosheets and two-dimensional (2D) perovskite active layers have attracted much attention for application in perovskite solar cells due to their high carrier mobility and tunable work function properties which greatly impact the charge carrier dynamics of PSCs. To date, significant advances have been achieved in the field of TDM-based PSCs. In this review, the recent progress in the development and application of TDMs (i.e., graphene, graphdiyne, transition metal dichalcogenides, BP, and others) as electrodes, hole transporting layers, electron transporting layers and buffer layers in PSCs is detailed. 2D perovskites as active absorber materials in PSCs are also summarized. The effect of TDMs and 2D perovskites on the charge carrier dynamics of PSCs is discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of their optoelectronic processes. The challenges facing the PSC devices are emphasized with corresponding solutions to these problems provided with the overall goal of improving the efficiency and stability of photovoltaic devices.
钙钛矿已被确立为第三代太阳能电池最有前途的材料之一。在提高器件效率和稳定性方面，仍存在一些重大且未解决的挑战。钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC) 的光伏效率很大程度上取决于载流子动力学。这一复杂过程包括载流子的产生、提取、传输和收集，每个过程都需要以有利的方式进行调制，以实现高性能。二维材料 (TDM) 包括石墨烯及其衍生物、过渡金属二卤化物（例如 MoS2、WS2）、黑磷 (BP)、金属纳米片和二维 (2D) 钙钛矿活性层，由于其高载流子迁移率和可调谐的功函数特性，非常有利于调节钙钛矿太阳能电池中的载流子动力学，因此在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用引起了广泛关注。迄今为止，在 TDM 基 PSC 领域已经取得了重大进展。在本文中，详细介绍了 TDM（即石墨烯、石墨炔、过渡金属二卤化物、BP 及其他）作为电极、空穴传输层、电子传输层和 PSC 中的缓冲层在开发和应用方面的最新进展。此外，还总结了二维钙钛矿作为 PSC 中活性吸收材料的应用。讨论了 TDM 和二维钙钛矿对 PSC 载流子动力学的影响，以全面了解它们的光电过程。强调了 PSC 器件面临的挑战，并提出了相应的解决方案，旨在提高光伏器件的效率和稳定性。
