Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada.
Industrial Research Assistance Program, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada.
Phytopathology. 2023 May;113(5):847-857. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-22-0238-FI. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
Pyramiding multiple resistant genes has been proposed as the most effective way to control wheat rust diseases globally. Identifying the most effective pyramids is challenged by the large pool of rust resistance genes and limited information about their mechanisms of resistance and interactions. Here, using a high-density genetic map, a double haploid population, and multi-rust field testing, we aimed to systematically characterize the most effective gene pyramids for rust resistance from the durable multi-rust resistant CIMMYT cultivar Parula. We revealed that the Parula resistance gene pyramid contains (), (), (), and . The efficacy, magnitude of effect, and interactions varied for the three rust diseases. A subpopulation mapping approach was applied to characterize the complex interactions of the resistance genes by controlling for the effect of . Using this approach, we found that and have a strong additive effect for leaf rust, whereas no additive effects were observed for any rusts between and . combined synergistically with from Thatcher for stem rust, whereas the additive effect of and was dependent on the type of rust and environment. Two novel leaf rust quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from Parula were identified in this study, a stable QTL and , which showed dependent expression. With these findings, we propose combining two to three high-value genes from Canadian wheat (e.g., from Thatcher) with a foundational multi-adult plant resistance cassette for desirable and durable resistance to all three rusts in Canadian wheat.
将多个抗性基因进行聚合已被提议作为全球控制小麦锈病的最有效方法。由于锈病抗性基因数量庞大，且其抗性机制和相互作用的信息有限，因此确定最有效的基因聚合体具有挑战性。在这里，我们利用高密度遗传图谱、双单倍体群体和多种锈病田间试验，旨在系统地鉴定来自具有持久多锈性的 CIMMYT 品种 Parula 的最有效的锈病抗性基因聚合体。我们揭示了 Parula 抗性基因聚合体包含 ()、()、() 和 ()。这三种锈病的功效、效应大小和相互作用均有所不同。采用亚种群作图方法来控制的效应，以表征抗性基因的复杂相互作用。利用这种方法，我们发现和对叶锈病具有很强的加性效应，而和之间在任何锈病中都没有观察到加性效应。和从 Thatcher 协同增效，用于茎锈病，而和的加性效应取决于锈病类型和环境。本研究在 Parula 中鉴定出两个新的叶锈病数量性状位点 (QTL)，一个稳定的 QTL 和 ，表现出依赖于的表达。有了这些发现，我们建议将加拿大小麦的两到三个高价值基因（例如来自 Thatcher 的 ）与基础的多成体植物抗性盒相结合，以获得加拿大小麦对所有三种锈病的理想和持久抗性。
