Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska – Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Aging (Albany NY). 2023 Jan 19;15(2):524-541. doi: 10.18632/aging.204496.
People with HIV (PWH) frequently experience mild cognitive decline, which is typically attributed to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). However, such declines could also be a sign of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) in older PWH. Distinguishing these two pathologies in PWH is exceedingly difficult, as there is a major knowledge gap regarding their neural and neuropsychological bases. In the current study, we begin to address this knowledge gap by recording magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a flanker interference task in 31 biomarker-confirmed patients on the AD spectrum (ADS), 25 older participants with HAND, and 31 cognitively-normal controls. MEG data was examined in the time-frequency domain using a data-driven approach. Our results indicated that the clinical groups (ADS/HAND) performed significantly worse than controls on the task and exhibited aberrations in interference-related theta and alpha oscillations, some of which were disease-specific. Specifically, patients (ADS/HAND) exhibited weaker interference activity in frontoparietal and cingulate cortices compared to controls, while the ADS group exhibited stronger theta interference than those with HAND in frontoparietal, occipital, and temporal cortices. These results reveal overlapping and distinct patterns of neurophysiological alterations among those with ADS and HAND in attentional processing centers and suggest the existence of unique oscillatory markers of each condition.
HIV 感染者（PWH）经常经历轻度认知衰退，这通常归因于与 HIV 相关的神经认知障碍（HAND）。然而，这种衰退也可能是老年 PWH 中早期阿尔茨海默病（AD）的迹象。区分 PWH 中的这两种病理非常困难，因为关于它们的神经和神经心理学基础存在重大知识差距。在当前的研究中，我们通过在 AD 谱（ADS）中的 31 名生物标志物确诊患者、25 名 HAND 老年参与者和 31 名认知正常对照者在侧翼干扰任务期间记录脑磁图（MEG）来开始解决这一知识差距。使用数据驱动的方法在时频域检查了 MEG 数据。我们的结果表明，临床组（ADS/HAND）在任务中的表现明显逊于对照组，并且表现出与干扰相关的θ和α振荡的异常，其中一些是疾病特异性的。具体而言，与对照组相比，患者（ADS/HAND）在前顶叶和扣带回皮质中表现出较弱的干扰活动，而 ADS 组在前顶叶、枕叶和颞叶皮质中表现出比 HAND 更强的θ干扰。这些结果揭示了注意力处理中心中 ADS 和 HAND 之间重叠和独特的神经生理改变模式，并表明每种情况存在独特的振荡标记物。
