McDonald Kellen M, Springer Seth D, Schantell Mikki, Glesinger Ryan, Horne Lucy K, Okelberry Hannah J, John Jason A, Coutant Anna T, Willett Madelyn P, Johnson Hallie J, Spooner Rachel K, Wilson Tony W
Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 19;20(1):77. doi: 10.1007/s11481-025-10235-0.
Medical advances have greatly improved the quality of life and extended the longevity of people with HIV (PWH). However, many PWH still develop neurocognitive deficits even in the presence of effective viral suppression, with impairments in verbal working memory (VWM) being among the most common. While previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated altered neural responses during VWM, the underlying temporal dynamics and their relation to clinical indices of HIV remain poorly understood.
PWH will have altered neural oscillatory dynamics in brain regions supporting VWM compared to controls, above and beyond the effect of age, and these oscillatory differences will scale with clinical indices of HIV.
166 participants (77 virally-suppressed PWH, 89 demographically-matched controls) completed a VWM task during magnetoencephalography, which was separated into encoding and maintenance phases. Whole-brain, mixed-model ANCOVAs were performed to assess the effects of HIV status on neural dynamics controlling for age.
PWH performed significantly worse on the task compared to controls. During encoding, there was a significant interaction of group-by-time window, such that PWH had significantly weaker alpha/beta oscillations in the left inferior frontal, superior temporal, and anterior cingulate relative to controls. Further, weaker activity in the anterior cingulate scaled with increased disease duration. PWH also displayed weaker alpha/beta oscillations during maintenance in frontal, temporal, parietal, anterior cingulate, and cerebellar cortices.
PWH exhibited weaker task-related oscillatory activity during VWM, which was associated with disease duration in the anterior cingulate. Overall, these findings suggest that HIV modulates the neural dynamics underlying VWM, with progressive effects in some areas.
[Figure: see text]
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11481-025-10235-0.
医学进步极大地提高了艾滋病病毒感染者（PWH）的生活质量并延长了其寿命。然而，许多PWH即使在病毒得到有效抑制的情况下仍会出现神经认知缺陷，其中言语工作记忆（VWM）受损最为常见。虽然先前的神经影像学研究已经证明在VWM过程中神经反应发生了改变，但潜在的时间动态及其与HIV临床指标的关系仍知之甚少。
与对照组相比，PWH在支持VWM的脑区中神经振荡动力学将发生改变，年龄因素除外，并且这些振荡差异将与HIV的临床指标相关。
166名参与者（77名病毒得到抑制的PWH，89名人口统计学匹配的对照组）在脑磁图检查期间完成了一项VWM任务，该任务分为编码和维持阶段。进行全脑混合模型协方差分析以评估HIV状态对控制年龄的神经动力学的影响。
与对照组相比，PWH在任务中的表现明显更差。在编码期间，存在显著的组×时间窗口交互作用，即相对于对照组，PWH在左下额叶、颞上叶和前扣带回中的α/β振荡明显较弱。此外，前扣带回中较弱的活动与疾病持续时间的增加相关。PWH在额叶、颞叶、顶叶、前扣带回和小脑皮质维持期间也表现出较弱的α/β振荡。
PWH在VWM期间表现出较弱的任务相关振荡活动，这与前扣带回中的疾病持续时间相关。总体而言，这些发现表明HIV调节了VWM背后的神经动力学，在某些区域具有渐进性影响。
[图：见正文]
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s11481-025-10235-0获取的补充材料。
