Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Conscious Cogn. 2023 Feb;108:103456. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2022.103456. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice an unexpected object in plain sight when attention is otherwise engaged. We investigated what determines observers' attentional set in a dynamic-counting inattentional blindness paradigm, when task instructions and visual distinctiveness of task-relevant objects were either congruent or in opposition. In seven experiments, observers counted bounces by task-relevant objects, with the instruction either to count-by-shape (squares, diamonds, crosses) or count-by-colour (blue, purple). To manipulate visual distinctiveness, we varied the extent to which task-relevant and task-irrelevant objects looked different on two dimensions: shape and colour. When colour better distinguished task-relevant from task-irrelevant objects, observers-even if instructed count-by-shape-reported an unexpected object that matched the colour of task-relevant objects. Crucially, when instructed count-by-colour, but shape better distinguished task-relevant from task-irrelevant objects, observers reported an unexpected object that matched the shape of task-relevant objects. We conclude that observers set their attention to promote efficient task performance.
非注意盲视是指当注意力被其他事物吸引时，人们会忽略明显存在的意外物体。我们在动态计数非注意盲视范式中研究了什么决定了观察者的注意定势，此时任务指令和与任务相关的物体的视觉显著性要么一致，要么相反。在七个实验中，观察者通过与任务相关的物体进行弹跳计数，指令要么是按形状（正方形、菱形、十字形）计数，要么是按颜色（蓝色、紫色）计数。为了操纵视觉显著性，我们在两个维度上改变了与任务相关和与任务不相关的物体之间的差异程度：形状和颜色。当颜色更好地区分与任务相关和与任务不相关的物体时，观察者——即使被指示按形状计数——也会报告一个与任务相关物体颜色匹配的意外物体。至关重要的是，当被指示按颜色计数，但形状更好地区分与任务相关和与任务不相关的物体时，观察者会报告一个与任务相关物体形状匹配的意外物体。我们的结论是，观察者设定他们的注意力以促进高效的任务表现。
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